In order to explore the effects of continuous cropping years on the rhizosphere soil characteristics，root morphology，yield and quality of Coix，Coix with different continuous cropping years was taken as the object，the changes and correlations of rhizosphere soil properties，root morphology，yield and quality of Coix were studied.The results showed that the soil with continuous cropping of Coix acidified gradually，the content of total nitrogen increased significantly，while the contents of total phosphorus，available phosphorus and available potassium decreased significantly，and the content of organic matter decreased gradually with the increase of continuous cropping years，the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in soil after continuous cropping for 6 years was 16.32%-33.93% lower than that of crop rotation.The number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes reduced dramatically，but the number of fungus increased gradually.The activities of soil invertase，urease and acid phosphatase decreased significantly，while the activity of catalase increased significantly，and the catalase activity of continuous cropping for 6 years was 30.18%-38.98% higher than that of crop rotation.With the increase of continuous cropping years，the total root length，total root surface area，average root diameter and total root volume of Coix showed a downward trend.The 1000-grain weight，seed setting rate，grain weight and number of grains per hole were significantly lower in 6 years continuous cropping than those in rotation，and the yield of Coix reduced by 632.276 kg/hm² for each additional year of continuous cropping，the yield of Coix that had been cropped continuously for 6 years decreased by 44.13%-53.43%.The contents of soluble sugar，lysine and amylopectin decreased in continuous cropping Coix，and the effects of continuous cropping on crude protein and crude fat contents were not significant.The results of correlation analysis showed that the contents of soil available phosphorus，available potassium，organic matter and pH of continuous cropping Coix significantly affected the number of microorganisms.Catalase activity was significantly negatively correlated with total phosphorus，total potassium，available phosphorus，available potassium contents and pH，while sucrase，urease and acid phosphatase activities were significantly positively correlated with the number of bacteria and actinomycetes，as well as total phosphorus，total potassium，available phosphorus，available potassium and pH.In soil physical and chemical properties，the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were the main factors affecting yield and quality.Continuous cropping worsened the chemical properties and microbial environment of Coix rhizosphere soil，and the root development was poor，which worsened the yield and quality.