The effects of interspecific interaction on growth and development，dry matter accumulation，yield and yield composition of maize in different rows in a maize and peanut intercropping system with different nitrogen application rates were evaluated.In 2019-2020，based on a long-term micro-area experiment and using maize as the research crop，three nitrogen application rates(N0:0 kg· hm-2，N150:150 kg·hm-2，N300:300 kg·hm-2)and two planting patterns(IM:maize and peanut intercropping；SM:maize monocropping)were set up，the responses of competitive advantage，land equivalent ratio，dry matter accumulation and yield of maize in different rows to nitrogen applications in intercropping system were analyzed.In the intercropping system，the competitive ability of maize was significantly stronger than that of peanuts，but there was no difference between the maize row adjacent to the peanut belt(IM1)and the distant row(IM2).Maize-peanut intercropping had an intercropping advantage with land equivalent ratio greater than 1 and 15%-23% increase in land productivity；while maize competitiveness increased with increased nitrogen application.Intercropping significantly increased maize yield by 37.8%-65.3% in IM1 over SM and 26.4%-56.1% in IM2.In 2019，150 kg·hm-2 nitrogen fertilizer showed a land equivalent ratio border row effect.The trend of maize yield was N150>N300>N0.Nitrogen application increased maize ears grain number and thousand grain weight.Intercropping affected yield by affecting number of ears and number of grains，while nitrogen fertilization affected yield by affecting number of grains.Nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency of intercropped maize was 92.4% higher than that of monocropped maize；nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency of N300 was 60.4% lower than that of N150.In the maize-peanut intercropping system，appropriate nitrogen application rate(150 kg·hm-2)significantly promoted maize growth，dry matter accumulation，and improved maize yield and showed a yield border row effect，but not a nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency border row effect.