Taking long-term farmland positioning experiment in Huangmian soil area of Anding Soil Quality National Observation and Research Station located in Gansu province as the research platform，the effects of long-term fertilization and plastic-mulching on the distribution of soil aggregates and organic carbon content in potato field of semi-arid areas were explored. The results showed that，with the decreasing of aggregates particle size of topsoil，the proportion of soil aggregates was decreased first and then increased，while organic carbon content of soil aggregates was increased. Fertilization significantly affected the distribution and organic carbon content of soil aggregations. Compared with mineral fertilizers(NPK)treatment，long-term mineral fertilizers combined with organic fertilizer treatment(NPK+OM)and single organic fertilizer treatment(OM)all increased significantly contents of >0.25 mm aggregates(R0.25)and mean weight diameters(MWD)of soil aggregates，and improved significantly the contribution rate of large aggregates(>1 mm)to organic carbon. Compared with mineral fertilizer (NPK)，long-term organic fertilizer treatments(NPK+OM and OM)increased significantly the organic carbon reserves of soil aggregates in 0～20 cm layer by 63.5%～82.8%. Long-term plastic-mulching decreased significantly the contents of soil >2 mm aggregates and MWD，however，plastic-mulching and single application of mineral fertilizer (NPK) had no obvious effect on the contents and reserves of organic carbon of soil aggregates. In conclusion，under the condition of Huangmian soil of the semi-arid loess hilly region of northwest China，long-term organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer(NPK+OM)or single organic fertilizer(OM)can improve significantly contents of >0.25 mm aggregates(R0.25)and soil aggregate stability，and promote the enrichment of new carbon into large aggregates，which can increase the contents and reserves of organic carbon of soil aggregates，and will be conducive to soil carbon sequestration in farmland. Long-term plastic-mulching will affect the distribution and stability of soil aggregates，but has no obvious effect on the organic carbon of aggregates.