To reveal the effects of different fertilization regimes on soil microbial characteristics in tea-garden soil，locational fertilization experiment was conducted to assess the effects of different fertilization regimes on the microbial biomass carbon(MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)，activities of β-glucosidase(BG)，β-cellobiosidase(CBH)，sucrose(INV)，and urease(URE) in tea-garden soil from Chongqing. Five different fertilizers with base application treatments were set up，including mushroom residue，biological carbon combined with compound fertilizer，organic fertilizer，biochar organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer(CK)，and urea-formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer was used as topdressing fertilizer. Tea-garden soils were sampled during the spring，summer，autumn，and winter tea growth periods. The results indicated that soil MBC，MBN，and enzyme activities were dynamic changed during different periods of tea growth. Compared with CK，the organic fertilizer combined with slow-release fertilizer significantly increased soil MBC content in spring tea growth period，with an increase of 50.34%；biochar organic fertilizer combined with slow release fertilizer significantly increased soil MBN content in spring and summer tea production period，with an increase of 61.16% and 25.27%，respectively；Mushroom residue combined with slow release fertilizer had the greatest effect on the improvement of BG and URE activities in spring tea growth period，with an increase of 45.56% and 44.32%，respectively，but CBH activity was inhibited，and all fertilization regimes inhibited INV activity in different tea growth periods. Path analysis showed that the available phosphorus，NO^3--N directly affected soil MBC and MBN contents，the soil soluble organic nitrogen also affected BG activity，while soil NO^3--N affected soil CBH，URE and INV activities. When urea-formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer is applied as top-dressing in tea gardens in Chongqing，the use of commodity organic fertilizer or mushroom residues as the base fertilizer is beneficial to increase soil MBC and MBN contents，and maintain relative transformation enzyme activities.