Drought stress conditions are an important challenge for ecological reclamation in mining areas. To reveal the effects of microbial agents on soil properties and plant physiological characteristics in mining areas under drought stress conditions，a drought stress study was carried out with Medicago sativa L. as the test plant and the soil of the Haizhou open pit mine drainage site as the substrate，under the conditions of single application of Trichoderma harzianum(TH)and Bacillus subtilis(BS)and mixed application of both agents(TH+BS)to determine the soil microbial properties and plant stress resistance in a pot experiment. The results of the study showed that the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content and enzyme activities of soil microorganisms in the mining area decreased with increasing drought stress，while the application of TH and BS generally improved the soil microbial properties. Based on the soil quality index(SQI)，BS single treatment was the most effective on improving soil microbial properties under drought stress，with an increase of 37.85% in SQI compared to CK，followed by TH single treatment，with an increase of 34.94%，and then followed by the mixture of TH + BS treatment，with the lowest increase of 20.92% compared to CK. As drought stress increased，the proline，soluble sugar and malondialdehyde contents of Medicago sativa L. continued to increase，and the antioxidant enzyme activities showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The plant quality index(PQI)showed that the application of microbial bacterial agents improved the plant stress resistance. The PQI of BS single treatment treatment was the smallest，TH single treatment was the second largest and TH+BS mixture treatment was the largest，with a mean value of 34.31%，9.56% and 6.75% lower than that of CK，respectively. Therefore，both single and mixed applications of TH and BS could improve the microbial properties of the mine soil and the resistance of Medicago sativa L. under drought stress conditions，with BS single treatment being the most effective and could be used as a measure for reclamation of drought mine sites.