To formulate the optimal theoretical fertilization scheme and nutritional diagnostic criteria based on quality index，the relationship between different fertilization ratios，changes of plant mineral elements and quality formation were explored. Taken the ‘87-1’grape in facility as the research object，the 5416 formula fertilizer experiment was carried out continuously to determine the mineral elements content and fruit quality of the plants，and a comprehensive Topsis evaluation was conducted and the quality index was calculated. The correlation between mineral element content and quality index was studied to determine nutritional diagnostic factors. The best comprehensive quality fertilization scheme and nutritional diagnostic criteria were established by using incomplete orthogonal analysis of variance and compositional nutrient diagnosis，respectively. The distribution range of single grain weight was 4.3-5.0 g. The total soluble solid content of T10 treatment was the highest, was 18.5%. The fruit firmness and quality index of T3 treatment were the highest, were 471.9 g and 0.6071，respectively. Except for T6，T8，T14 and T16 treatments，the quality index of other treatments were higher than that of T1 treatment，and the increase was 1.8%-33.4%. Fruit N，petiole P，petiole K and leaf Ca at maturation stage，and petiole Mg at veraison stage were selected as nutritional diagnostic factors. The suitable ranges of mineral element content in high-quality index were:N 1.0-2.4 mg/g，P 1.0-3.0 mg/g，K 4.0-10.4 mg/g，Ca 2.9-9.6 mg/g，Mg 0.6-9.7 mg/g，the order of fertilizer requirement in low-quality index was K>Ca>N>Mg>P，in which the contents of K and Ca were relatively low，and the contents of other elements were sufficient. To reach the best single-grain weight，soluble solids，hardness and quality index，the recommended total amount of fertilization per hectare were 736.5，1332.0，788.3 and 1430.0 kg，respectively. Under the test conditions，the theoretical ratio of N∶P∶K∶Ca∶Mg when the quality index reaches the best was 3∶3∶4∶3∶2，and the fertilizer amounts of N，P2O5，K2O，CaO，MgO were 375.0，141.0，506.3，337.5，70.5 kg/hm²，respectively.