The effects of phosphorus fertilizer types and application methods on cotton yield，phosphorus accumulation，soil phosphorus availability and phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate under the integration of water and fertilizer were explored，in order to provide theoretical basis and technical reference for optimizing the application of phosphorus fertilizer in cotton fields. The field trial was conducted in the main cotton producing area of Changji prefecture，Xinjiang in 2021. Five different fertilization treatments were set up，including no phosphate fertilizer control(CK)，basal application of heavy superphosphate(TSP)，basal application of monoammonium phosphate(MAP-B)，basal application + drip application of monoammonium phosphate(50% basal application，25% at the bud stage and 25% at pre-boll stage)(MAP-D)，basal application + drip application of monoammonium phosphate(50% basal application，25% at the bud stage and 25% at pre-boll stage)and polyglutamic acid(MAP-P). Soil available phosphorus，plant biomass，plant phosphorus accumulation and seed cotton yield were measured and the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer was calculated. In the flowering and boll stages of cotton，drip application of phosphorus fertilizer significantly increased the available phosphorus content in the 0-20 cm soil layer，especially in the 0-5 cm soil layer，and the MAP-P treatment increased by 136.27% and 113.99% compared with CK treatment，respectively. Compared with CK，the yields of TSP，MAP-B，MAP-D and MAP-P treatments were increased by 17.65%，16.25%，19.37% and 31.88%，respectively. During the growth period of cotton，the cumulative phosphorus uptake of plants with drip application of phosphorus fertilizer was higher than that of basal application，and the cumulative phosphorus uptake of each treatment reached the maximum in the boll stage. The MAP-P treated plants was higher than that of the other treatments，which was 50.92%，55.38%，81.33% and 84.69% higher than CK treatment during the seeding, bud, full flowering and full boll stages，respectively. Under the condition of the same amount of the phosphorus application，the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer applied by drip irrigation was higher than that of basal application. The utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer，cumulative utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer，agronomic efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer and partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer in the MAP-P treatment were higher than those of other treatments，and the apparent balance of phosphorus was lower than that of other treatments，the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer reached 33.94%，which was 20.23%，25.28% and 16.71% higher than that of TSP，MAP-B and MAP-D treatments，respectively. Under the integration of water and phosphorus，the combined application of phosphate fertilizer dripping and activator(polyglutamic acid)significantly improved soil phosphorus availability and cotton yield. MAP-P treatment increased cotton yield and phosphorus fertilizer utilization，and decreased soil phosphorus surplus.