In order to explore the contribution of different planting and breeding models to soil fertility in paddy fields and select the ecological planting and breeding mode suitable for promotion, a two-year field experiment was carried out in the paddy field of Ziling village, Fuxi town, Renhua county, Shaoguan city. Four treatments were set up: rice monoculture(CK),rape-rice rotation(T1), duck-rice co-cropping(T2)and rape-rice-duck mode(T3). The differences of mechanical composition(MC), bulk density(BD), pH, organic matter(SOM), organic carbon(SOC), total nitrogen(TN),ratio of carbon to nitrogen(C/N), alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen(AN), available phosphorus(AP), available potassium(AK)and other indicators of different treatments after rice planting were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with CK, the soil BD, pH and C/N of T3 treatment were decreased significantly by 26.34%, 8.78% and 23.98%, and the SOM, SOC,TN, AN, AP and AK were increased significantly by 21.66%, 21.66%, 57.75%, 24.64%, 20.81% and 26.43%, respectively；The soil BD, pH and C/N of T2 treatment were decreased significantly by 19.34%, 8.78% and 16.01%, and SOM, SOC, TN,AN and AK were increased significantly by 15.19%, 15.19%, 36.31%, 17.02% and 18.81%, respectively；soil BD of T1 treatment was decreased significantly by 11.95%, while soil pH, SOM, SOC, TN, C/N and AN were increased significantly by 3.03%, 11.29%, 11.29%, 7.01%, 4.76% and 10.49%, respectively. The results of principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive ranking of soil fertility was T3 > T2 > T1 > CK. So, T3 treatment is more conducive to improving various physical and chemical indicators of paddy soil, and the effect on soil fertility is the best.