Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.(A. carmichaelii) is one of the traditional bulk medicinal materials in China. In recent years，applying nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is a common cultivation method to increase the A. carmichaelii yield. However，it is not clear whether the quality of the A. carmichaelii and processed Heishunpian under these fertilization modes meets the requirements of the new Pharmacopoeia of the people’s republic of China. Therefore，it is important to screen the scientific nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium application plan for the A. carmichaelii cultivation. In this study，the A. carmichaelii was cultivated and applied different nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer at Chenggu county，Shaanxi province，then the effects of these fertilizers on the herb growth，the Heishunpian quality and economic benefits were analyzed. The results indicated that these different compound fertilizer treatments showed different effects. Among the 13 treatments，the treatment 13 (the amount of application is N 450 kg/hm²，P2O5 84.357 kg/hm²，K2O 56.25 kg/hm²) indicated higher diester alkaloids and total alkaloids contents，but the contents of ash，acid-insolube ash and water extract of its processed Heishunpian could not meet the requirements of the new Pharmacopoeia of the people’s republic of China. However，the treatment 5(the amount of application is N 450 kg/hm²，P2O5 168.750 kg/hm²，K2O 112.50 kg/ hm²) showed higher yield and alkaloids contents，and its net profit were lower. The treatment 6 (the amount of application is N 450 kg/hm²，P2O5 253.130 kg/hm²，K2O 112.50 kg/hm²) showed the excellent net profit，and the processed Heishunpian quality could meet the requirements of the new Pharmacopoeia of the people’s republic of China. According to the principal component analysis，the herb yield，the alkaloids and the ash contents of Heishunpian are the key factors that determine the comprehensive quality of herb.