Good profile configuration of the soil is an important indicator of cultivated land quality. The influence of different cropping models on soil structure after double-cropping rice transformation is of great significance to provide theoretical support for the planting model of typical rice areas in the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River. Based on the long-term located experiment of paddy field in the experimental base of Huazhong Agricultural University，selected the soil under four planting patterns，namely double-cropping rice，ratooning rice，rice-rapeseed rotation and rice-wheat rotation as the research object，and compared and analyzed the differences in profile configuration of the soil and water-stable aggregate composition under four different planting patterns. The results indicated that:(1)Compared with double-cropping rice，the tillage layer thickness of rice-oilseed rape rotation and rice-wheat rotation increased by 7.25% and 4.15%，while the tillage layer of ratooning rice model was significantly thinned by 36.27%(P<0.05)，and the plow pan was moved upward；(2)The composition of soil aggregate particle and aggregate stability of the four planting patterns were significantly different between the tillage layer and the plow pan(P<0.05)；(3)After the double-cropping rice was changed to paddy-upland rotations，the free iron oxide content of rice-oilseed rape rotation and rice-wheat rotation was significantly reduced by 8.5% and 26.5% in the tillage layer(P<0.05)，respectively，thus affecting the stability of aggregates. With the reduction of tillage times of ratooning rice model，the stability of soil aggregates was significantly improved(P<0.05). To sum up，the two paddy-upland rotations models after the reform of double-cropping rice system can maintain a good profile configuration of the soil. Although the ratooning rice model can significantly improve the stability of soil aggregates，due to its planting characteristics of two-harvest，the tillage layer is significantly thinned. Therefore，in order to maintain a good profile configuration of the soil，it is not recommended to plant ratooning rice in the same plot for many years.