A L9(34)orthogonal experiment was conducted to reveal the effects of reducing chemical fertilizer and applying biochar on soil fertility and fungal community characteristics of Lithocarpus litseifolius(Hance)Chun. Nine formula fertilization treatments and no fertilization control(RCK)were set up. The soil pH，alkaline nitrogen，available potassium，total potassium，available phosphorus，total phosphorus，organic matter content，as well as the structural characteristics and abundance of rhizosphere soil fungal communities were measured，and the relationships between soil pH，soil nutrients and soil fungal community structure were analyzed. The results showed that:(1)Soil pH，alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen，available potassium，total potassium，available phosphorus，total phosphorus and organic matter contents were significantly increased by fertilizer reduction combined with biochar application. Compared with RCK，soil pH was increased by 0.84%-10.95%，alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was increased by 5.58%-51.79%，and soil available potassium was increased by 10.64%-192.40%，total potassium increased by 12.16%-35.14%，available phosphorus increased by 27.87%-208.23%，total phosphorus increased by 1.75%-50.88%，and organic matter content increased by 74.4%-211.69%.(2)The results of rhizosphere soil fungal Alpha diversity index analysis showed that the fertilizer reduction combined with biochar application significantly increased the soil fungal abundance，and the fungal diversity of R1，R4，R6 and R7 treatments was significantly higher than that of RCK. The Shannon index of soil fungi in R7 treatment was the highest，which increased by 1.77 units compared with RCK.(3)The combination of fertilizer reduction and biochar application affected the composition of soil fungal community. The relative abundance of Basidiomycetes，Ascomycetes，and Sporocella in R5，R8，R9 and R1，R4，R6，R7 and R1，R6，R8 treatments，respectively，were increased.(4)RDA redundancy analysis showed that available phosphorus and available potassium had significant effects on fungal community structure. In conclusion，fertilizer reduction combined with biochar application can significantly increase soil pH and soil nutrients，further improve soil fertility，effectively alleviate soil acidification，improve soil environment，and improve the richness and diversity of soil fungal community in the corrhizosphere of Phyllodendrin xylodendrin leaves，thus affecting community structure. Among them，available phosphorus and available potassium had great influence on soil fungal community. Treatment of R9(biochar 30 g + urea 20 g + calcium superphosphate 9 g + potassium chloride 6 g)could effectively improve soil quality，and treatment of R6(biochar 20 g + urea 20 g + calcium superphosphate 6 g + potassium chloride 9 g)could significantly increase the relative abundance of Sporozoa and Ascomycota.