Sugar beet was one of the main sugar crops in China and the world，but the unreasonable use of potassium fertilizer had seriously restricted the production of sugar beet.This study took different sugar beet varieties as the research object，to explore the effects of different types and different amounts of potassium fertilizer on soil potassium transport，sugar beet root yield，sugar yield and potassium fertilizer utilization rate，in order to determine the appropriate type and application amount for sugar beets.Two sugar beet varieties(KWS9899 and KWS7748)，two types of potassium fertilizer(potassium chloride and potassium sulfate)，and four amounts of potassium fertilizer(K2O 0，105，210，315 kg/hm²)were set up in the experiment.The results showed that:(1)At 10 and 20 cm from the level of drip irrigation belt，the maximum amount of available potassium in the soil was obtained when 315 kg/hm² potassium fertilizer K2O was applied to both sugar beets，and the amount of available potassium in potassium chloride fertilizer treatment was greater than that in potassium sulfate fertilizer treatment.At the same time，the available potassium in the soil under the two fertilizer types was accumulated in the 20-40 cm soil layer.(2)Potassium fertilizer increased the sugar beet root yield and sugar yield，with the highest yield and sugar yield when applying potassium sulfate with K2O 210 kg/hm²，and the utilization efficiency of potassium chloride fertilizer and potassium sulfate fertilizer decreased with the increase of the application amount.To sum up，the application of potassium fertilizer could increase the content of available potassium and total potassium in the topsoil，thereby improving the sugar beet root yield and sugar yield，and increasing the agricultural utilization rate of potassium fertilizer.Potassium sulfate fertilizer(K2O 210 kg/hm²)had the best effect on increasing root yield and sugar yield of sugar beet.