外源锌对谷子锌含量、生物有效性及其产量的影响
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作者单位:

(1.山西农业大学棉花研究所,山西 运城 044000;2.清华大学山西清洁能源研究院,山西 太原 030000;3.晋中职业技术学院,山西 晋中 030600;4.山西农业大学农学院,山西 晋中 030801;5.山西农业大学基础部,山西 晋中 030801)

作者简介:

曹梦琳(1992-),助理研究员,博士,研究方向为作物化学调控与逆境生理。E-mail:cmlin34@163.com。

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基金项目:山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D221050);山西省留学人员科研资助项目(2020-060);山西省谷子产业技术体系建设项目;山西省博士毕业生来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXBYKY2021049);山西农业大学棉花研究所博士基金项目(SZJJ2021-03);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2021L173);运城市农业科技攻关项目(2021YNZD02)。


Effects of exogenous zinc on the zinc content,bioavailability,yield and quality of foxtail millet
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(1.Institute of Cotton Research,Shanxi Agricultural University,Yuncheng Shanxi 044000;2.Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy,Tsinghua University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030000;3.Jinzhong Vocational and Technical College,Jinzhong Shanxi 030600;4.College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong Shanxi 030801;5.Basic Department of Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong Shanxi 030801)

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    摘要:

    探究孕穗期喷施不同浓度外源锌溶液对谷子各部位锌含量、锌生物有效性、矿质元素含量及产量的影响,明确谷子外源锌的最佳施用量,为锌肥在谷子上的合理施用提供理论支持。以杂交谷子品种张杂谷10号和常规谷子品种晋谷21号为试验材料,采用大田试验,在谷子孕穗期喷施等量0(CK,清水)、20(Zn1)、40(Zn2)、60(Zn3)、80(Zn4)、100(Zn5)mg·kg-1(以Zn计)硫酸锌(ZnSO4·7H2O)溶液,研究不同浓度锌溶液对锌含量、锌生物有效性、矿质元素含量及产量的影响。结果表明:喷施不同浓度锌溶液均可提高植株各部位锌含量,且随着锌喷施浓度增大,锌含量持续升高,在Zn5处理时达到最大,但含量均未超过国家标准食品中锌限量标准(<50 mg·kg-1);施用不同浓度外源锌后,锌在叶片中分配比例最大,其次为根、茎鞘,在籽粒中分配比例最小;随着锌喷施浓度的增大,籽粒植酸含量及植酸/锌摩尔比均呈先降低后升高的趋势,均在Zn 40 mg·kg-1处理时降低程度最大,与CK相比,晋谷21号分别降低了46.06%、54.31%,张杂谷10号分别降低了35.80%、40.31%;喷施不同锌溶液后,籽粒氮、磷、钾及粗蛋白含量随着锌浓度的增大呈先升高后降低的趋势,在Zn 40 mg·kg-1时达到最高,晋谷21号较CK分别提升了9.26%、40.79%、9.20%、9.26%,张杂谷10号较CK分别提升了5.36%、17.17%、4.58%、5.36%;不同品种谷子喷施不同浓度锌,其穗长、千粒重、穗粒重以及产量与对照相比,均在Zn2处理增加最多,晋谷21号较CK分别增加了7.12%、3.79%、20.69%、21.16%,张杂谷10号较CK分别增加了3.33%、5.16%、14.22%、13.94%。综上所述,外源锌对谷子各部位锌含量、生物有效性以及改善品质、增加产量均具有重要作用,高产高效富锌谷子生产锌的最佳喷施时期为孕穗期,最佳喷施浓度为40 mg·kg-1锌溶液。

    Abstract:

    The research was aimed to explore the effects of spraying different concentrations of exogenous zinc on the zinc content,zinc bioavailability,mineral element content and yield of millet during the booting stage,and to clarify the optimal application amount of exogenous zinc,and provide theoretical support for the rational application of zinc fertilizer in millet production.Jingu 21(conventional cultivar)and Zhangzagu 10(hybrids)were used as test materials,and same amount of 0(CK,clear water),20(Zn1),40(Zn2),60(Zn3),80(Zn4),100(Zn5)mg·kg-1 zinc sulfate(ZnSO4·7H2O)were sprayed at the booting stage of millet.The effects of different concentrations of zinc on the zinc content in different parts of plants,zinc bioavailability,yield and quality of millet in booting stage were studied.The result showed that exogenous zinc significantly increased the zinc content of various parts of the plant,and with the increase of zinc spraying concentration,the zinc content continued to increase,and reached the maximum in the Zn5 treatment,and the content didn't exceed the national standard zinc content(<50 mg·kg-1).After applying different concentrations of exogenous zinc,the distribution ratio of zinc in leaves was the largest,followed by roots and stem sheaths,in grains it was the smallest.With the increase of zinc concentration,the phytic acid(PA)content and PA/Zn molar ratio of millet seeds decreased first and then gradually increased,and the decrease was the largest at 40 mg·kg-1 treatment.Compared with the control,the PA content and PA/Zn molar ratio of millet seeds of Jingu 21 decreased by 46.06% and 54.31% respectively,and those of Zhangzagu 10 decreased by 35.80% and 40.31%,respectively.After spraying with different zinc solutions,the contents of grain nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and crude protein increased first and then decreased,and reached the highest level at 40 mg·kg-1.Compared with CK,the contents of grain nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and crude protein increased by 9.26%,40.79%,9.20%,9.26% for Jingu 21,and increased by 5.36%,17.17%,4.58%,5.36% for Zhangzagu 10,respectively.Compared with CK,the panicle length,1000-grain weight,grain weight per ear and yield of millet with different Zn spraying concentrations and different cultivars were increased the most in Zn2 treatment,and they increased by 7.12%,3.79%,20.69%,21.16% for Jingu 21,and increased by 3.33%,5.16%,14.22%,13.94% for Zhangzagu 10,respectively. In conclusion,exogenous zinc plays an important role in the zinc content,bioavailability,quality improvement and yield increase of millet.We suggest that spraying 40 mg·kg-1 zinc solution at the booting stage is the most reasonable for zinc-rich millet production and can achieve high yield and high efficiency.

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曹梦琳,尚晶涛,王宇轩,赵智勇,原向阳,董淑琦,杜慧玲.外源锌对谷子锌含量、生物有效性及其产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2023,(11):155-163.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-10
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  • 录用日期:2022-11-12
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-03-01
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