In this study，bacterial strains with the ability of activating selenium，inhibiting cadmium or both of them were screened from the rhizosphere soil samples of plantain(Plantago asiatica L.). Firstly，the selenium-tolerant and cadmium-tolerant bacterial strains were isolated and purified by dilution coating plate method and identified by 16S rRNA gene identification from the rhizosphere soil samples of plantain. Secondly，the available selenium and available cadmium corresponding to the relevant strains which cultured in the soil solid medium were determined by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry，and then the change rate of available selenium and available cadmium for the different strains were calculated. Finally，the ability of the strain to activate or inhibit soil selenium or cadmium was preliminarily evaluated. The results showed that 8 strains of secondary bacteria were isolated and identified from the rhizosphere soil of plantain，among which the strains with selenium viability over 100% were CQC-3，CQC-8，CQC-11 and CQC-12. The strains with cadmium inhibition over 20% were CQC-7，CQC-8，CQC-12 and CQC-13，and the strains with both selenium viability and cadmium inhibition were CQC-8 and CQC-12. The results provide basic information for the subsequent solution of selenium or cadmium concomitant problems in soil and plants，the research of mechanism of active selenium and cadmium inhibition，and the development of bacterial agents.