Rape has the advantages of wide adaptation area，strong stress resistance，low production cost，large biomass，high nutrient contents and easy decomposition after returning to fields. At the same time，there are a large number of fallow fields in winter and autumn in the north and south of China，which has great potential for developing the production and utilization of rape green manure. Based on the research literatures，this paper summarized and discussed the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties，ecological benefits，fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase，and key planting and utilization technologies of rape green manure，which could provide reference for the popularization and application of rape green manure.