耕作方式对早稻-再生稻土壤肥力、氮素吸收及产量的影响
作者:
作者单位:

(1.长江大学农学院,湖北 荆州 434025;2.略阳县农技推广中心,陕西 汉中 723000;3.荆州市金穗家庭农场,湖北 荆州 434025;4.新疆农业大学,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052)

作者简介:

孔盼(1994-),硕士研究生,主要从事农业生态与农作制度研究。E-mail:1006282958@qq.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300907);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U21A2039)。


Effects of cultivation methods on soil fertility,nitrogen absorption and yield of early season rice-regenerated rice
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Affiliation:

(1.Agricultural College of Yangtze University,Jingzhou Hubei 434025;2.Lueyang County Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Hanzhong Shaanxi 723000;3.Jinsui Family Farm in Jingzhou City,Jingzhou Hubei 434025;4.Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830052)

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    摘要:

    通过试验了解不同耕作方式下再生稻氮素吸收利用、转运及产量状况,为南方再生稻区水稻高产栽培选择合理的土壤耕作方式提供科学理论依据。按冬前是否翻耕和插秧前旋耕情况,设置翻耕一次旋耕一次(T1)、翻耕一次旋耕两次(T2)、不翻耕旋耕两次(T3)和不翻耕旋耕三次(T4)4种耕作方式,观察不同耕作方式下水稻不同生育期干物质积累在不同器官内的差异,探究不同耕作方式对再生稻氮素吸收转运和利用效率及产量的影响。随着再生稻生育进程的推进,各处理的阶段干物质积累量、氮吸收量均呈现先增加后减少的趋势,不同处理表现为T2>T1>T4>T3。在生产效果上翻耕与旋耕结合优于单一旋耕,翻耕次数相同时适当增加旋耕可促进作物生长、提高作物产量和氮肥偏生产力。从耕作方式对早稻和再生稻产量的影响看,T2 与 T3、T4 相比,早稻增产均比较显著,而再生稻的产量均无显著差异。耕作方式对早稻-再生稻产量的影响主要在早稻季,关键是 T2 能显著增加穗粒数。从氮素收获指数、氮素干物质生产效率和氮素籽粒生产效率来看,4 种耕作方式呈现T2>T1>T4>T3的趋势,其中以T2最优。综合土壤肥力增效,水稻氮素积累量和转运量、产量及其构成因素考虑,建议在早稻-再生稻生产实践中采用一耕两旋的耕作方式。

    Abstract:

    An experiment was conducted to understand the nitrogen absorption,utilization,transportation and yield status of regenerated rice under different cultivation methods,so as to provide scientific and theoretical basis for selecting reasonable soil cultivation methods for high yield cultivation of rice in southern regenerated rice areas. According to whether ploughing before winter and rotating tillage before transplanting,4 tillage methods were set up:ploughing once and rotary tilling once(T1),ploughing once and rotary tilling twice(T2),not ploughing and rotary tilling twice(T3),and not ploughing and rotary tillage three times(T4),the difference of dry matter accumulation in different organs of regenerated rice at different growth stages of rice plants under different tillage ways was observed,and the effects of different tillage methods on nitrogen uptake,transport,utilization efficiency and yield of regenerated rice were explored. Along with the advancement of the regenerated rice growth process,the accumulation of dry matter,nitrogen uptake at each growth stage showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,the performance of treatments showed as T2>T1>T4>T3. In terms of production effect,the combination of ploughing and rotary tillage was better than single rotary tillage. At the same number of tillage,increasing rotary tillage could promote crop growth,increase crop yield and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer. From the perspective of the impact of farming methods on the yields of early rice and regenerated rice,compared with T3 and T4,the yield of early rice of T2 was more significant,but there was no significant difference in the yield of regenerated rice. The impact of farming methods on the yield of early rice and ratoon rice was mainly in the first season,and the key was that T2 significantly increased the number of grains per panicle. From the perspective of nitrogen harvest index,nitrogen dry matter production efficiency and nitrogen grain production efficiency,the four farming methods showed a trend of T2>T1>T4>T3,with T2 being the best. Considering soil nutrient efficiency,nitrogen accumulation and transfer of rice,yield and its constituent factors,it is recommended to adopt ploughing once and rotary twice in the production of early rice and regeneration rice.

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孔盼,马良俊,郭道生,张海维,傅玺豪,周乾顺,朱建强,杨章郅.耕作方式对早稻-再生稻土壤肥力、氮素吸收及产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2023,(12):86-96.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-16
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  • 录用日期:2023-01-07
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-03-20
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