In order to investigate the effects of different passivating agents on cadmium (Cd) uptake and transport and rhizosphere microbial community structure in Spinacia oleracea L. under Cd stress，the Spinacia oleracea L. was selected as the research objects. The four treatments of no passivating agent application (CK)，single application of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP)，single application of thiol biochar (TMB) and combined application of nano-hydroxyapatite+thiol biochar (HPTB) were applied. The microbial community characterization，the chemical properties of soil，and Spinacia oleracea L. biomass and Cd content of each treatment were determined. The results showed that the biomass of Spinacia oleracea L. increased and the Cd content decreased under different passivation treatments. Different passivating agents had no significant effect on the composition of the main dominant flora in the soil，but changed the relative abundance of bacteria and fungi. Principal component analysis showed that nHAP had a greater impact on bacterial community structure and less on fungal community structure. Redundancy analysis found that pH was the main factor affecting bacterial community structure，and total phosphorus was the main factor affecting fungal community structure. In conclusion，single application of nHAP could promote the growth of Spinacia oleracea L.，reduce the Cd content，and have little effect on the microbial community structure.