It is of great significance to study the phosphorus uptake and utilization for rational selection of phosphate fertilizer varieties，improving phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency，and reducing soil phosphorus fixation in red soil. Based on the two year field experiment and pot experiment of typical low phosphorus red soil in southwest China，this paper explored the application of different varieties of phosphorus fertilizer[no phosphorus application(CK)；super phosphate(SSP)；mono ammonium phosphate(MAP)；diammonium phosphate(DAP)；calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer(CMP)]on maize yield，phosphorus uptake and distribution，and phosphorus use efficiency. The yield，biomass and harvest index of maize under different phosphorus application treatments were the highest in the SSP treatment，which increased by 53.1%，37.5% and 50.1% on average，and the biomass increased by 32.0%，21.4% and 30.9% on average compared with the MAP，DAP and CMP treatments，the harvest index increased by an average of 15.6%，12.8% and 14.1% in the field experiment of 2018，2019 and pot experiment，respectively. The application of different varieties of phosphorus fertilizers significantly increased the phosphorus accumulation of maize，the phosphorus uptake of various organs(straw，leaves and grains)and the maize phosphorus harvest index. Among them，the maize phosphorus accumulation increased by 32.6%，48.2% and 39.5% on average compared with the MAP，DAP and CMP treatments，respectively. Under different phosphorus application varieties，SSP treatment increased significantly the phosphorus harvest index by 22.7% and 13.7% compared to MAP，DAP and CMP treatments on average in field experiment of 2019 and pot experiment. In general，the phosphorus use efficiency of maize with different varieties of phosphorus fertilizers showed as SSP > CMP > DAP > MAP. In the two-year field experiment and pot experiment，compared with other treatments(MAP，DAP and CMP)，the apparent phosphorus use efficiency of SSP treatment increased by 57.2%，69.5% and 100.2%，the agronomic utilization rates of phosphate fertilizers increased by 108.9%，51.8% and 61.7%，and the partial productivity of phosphate fertilizers increased by 53.1%，37.5% and 50.1%，respectively. Taking into account the maize yield，phosphorus uptake and utilization，the selection of super phosphate as the phosphorus application varieties in the low phosphorus red soil in southwest China can ensure high maize yield and the best phosphorus uptake and utilization.