The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus application ontheyield，quality and soil physical and chemical properties of bitter bamboo shoots werestudied，and the main factors affecting the quality of bitter bamboo shoots were analyzed to explore scientific fertilization scheme of bitter bamboo to improve yield and quality. Six combinations of two nitrogen applicationrate(375 and 625 kg·hm -2)and three nitrogen tophosphorusratios(16∶5，16∶9，16∶12)were setup， taking the undeveloped natural bitter bamboo forest asthecontrol，to clarify the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus combined application on the yield and quality of bitter bamboo shoots. The redundancy analysis was used to explore the relationshipbetween soil physical and chemical properties and the quality of bitter bamboo shoots.(1)Combined application of nitrogenand phosphorus significantly increased the yield of bitter bamboo shoots by41.55%-152.63%；(2)Combined application ofnitrogen and phosphorus improved the accumulation and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus in bitter bambooshoots，and improved the nutritional quality and eating quality of bitter bambooshoots；When applying 375 kg·hm -2 nitrogen fertilizer and the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus was16∶5，the bitter bamboo shoots had the best taste and the highest nutritionalvalue；(3)Fertilization significantly increased the content of nitratenitrogen，ammoniumnitrogen，total phosphorus and available phosphorus insoil，to someextent，aggravate soilacidification，but had no significant effect on the content of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen insoil；(4)The contents of ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus in soil at the late shoot emergence stage were significantly lower than those atthe early shoot emergencestage，while the contentsof totalnitrogen，alkali hydrolyzablenitrogen，organic matter and available phosphorus were significantly higher than those at the early shootemergencestage；For nitrate nitrogencontent，under low nitrogen conditions，the content in the early stage was significantly higher than that in the latestage，with a decreaseof31.46%-37.32%，but underhigh nitrogen conditions，the content in the late stage was higher than that in the early stage. Nitrogen fertilizer is the decisive factor to determine the shoot amountof bitterbamboo，the yield and quality of bitter bamboo shoots are the best under the treatment of 375 kg·hm -2 of nitrogen fertilizer and 16∶5 of nitrogen and phosphorus ratio.