In order to provide a scientific basis for fertility improvement of yellow soil and improvement of the yield andquality of winter rapeseed inGuizhou，a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of controlled-release urea and different organic materials ontheyield，nutrient absorption and utilization of winter rapeseed in yellow soil. From 2018 tO₂022，the long -term positioning test of controlled-release urea and different organic materials addition was carried outin Guiyangcity，Guizhou province for four consecutive years. With winter rapeseed as the testmaterial，without nitrogenfertilizer(U0)，controlled releaseurea(CRU180)and commonurea(U180)were setup，and three kinds of organicmaterials[straw(U180+S)，biochar(U180+B)and commercial organicfertilizer(U180+O)，3000 kg/hm²]were applied respectively under the application of common urea. After the harvest of winterrapeseed，theyield，yieldcomponents， abovegroundbiomass，nutrient absorption and utilization of winter rapeseed under different treatments weremeasured， respectively. The results showed that compared with U0treatment，the yield of winter rapeseed in CRU180 treatment and U180 treatment were increased by 732.5 and 588.8 kg/hm²，respectively. After applying organic materials，the yield of winterrapeseed inU180+S，U180+B and U180+O treatments wereincreased by516.9，662.6 and 622.0 kg/hm²，respectively， compared with U180 treatment. The yield of winter rapeseed in U180+B treatment was the highest with 2646.8 kg/hm². Compared with U0treatment，the aboveground biomass of winter rapeseed was increased significantly under CRU180 andU180treatment；Compared with U180treatment，organic materials significantly increased the aboveground biomass of winterrapeseed，U180+B treatment wasthe best in fouryears，but there was no significant difference with U180+S and U180+Otreatment. The accumulation ofnitrogen，phosphorus and potassium in winter rapeseed wasthe largest in U180+Btreatment， and the 4-year average values were164.7，31.9 and 139.1 kg/hm²，respectively. The nitrogen agronomicefficiency(AE N)，partial productivity(PEP N)andrecoveryefficiency(RE N)of CRU180 treatment werehigher than those of U180treatment； Afterapplying organicmaterials，the AEN，PEPN and REN of winter rapeseed underU180+S，U180+B and U180+O treatment showed an increasing trend compared with U180treatment，and U180+B treatment wasthe highest，which were 6.95kg/kg，14.70 kg/kg and38.43%，respectively. The economic benefit of U180+S of winter rapeseed was 7109.9 yuan/hm²， it washigher than that of other treatments. Insummary，the addition of controlled -release ureaand organicmaterials(straw，biochar and commercial organic fertilizer)can improve the yield and nutrient absorption and utilization of winterrapeseed，and the yield of winter rapeseed with biochar is thehighest，but the economic benefit of winter rapeseed with straw is the best. It is suggested that in the growing seasonof winter rapeseed in Guizhou yellow soilarea，under the condition of normal fertilizer applicationrate，controlled-release urea canbe used instead of conventionalurea，and exogenous organic materials should be properly applied to ensure the yield and nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency of winter rapeseed.