有机无机肥料配施对生姜养分吸收和产量及品质的影响
作者:
作者单位:

(1.华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430070;2.武汉沃农肥业有限公司,湖北 潜江 433133)

作者简介:

窦昂洋(1996-),硕士,主要从事农业环境科学与工程研究,E-mail:844139966@qq.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC180030);湖北省技术创新专项重大项目(2017ABA154);广西科技重大专项项目(桂科AA17202026)。


Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on nutrient uptake,quality and yield of ginger
Author:
Affiliation:

(1.College of Resources andEnvironment,Huazhong AgriculturalUniversity,Wuhan Hubei430070;2.Wuhan Wonong Fertilizer IndustryLtd.,Qianjiang Hubei433133)

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    摘要:

    我国生姜生产中不合理施肥现象普遍,研究不同有机无机肥用量及配比对生姜生长、营养品质及其产量的影响可为生姜高效施肥和优质生产提供参考依据,同时,也是提高生姜生产效益、保护生态环境的重要措施。在大田条件下,以山东莱芜大姜(Zingiber Officinale Roscoe)为供试材料,以有机肥和无机肥为试验因子,采用2 因素3 水平完全区组设计,即分别设计有机和无机肥料低、中、高3 种施肥水平共9 组处理组合的专用肥,进行田间小区试验。所有有机肥和无机肥均作为基肥。在生姜成熟时随机采取各小区3 株生姜样品,分别测定其生长参数、养分吸收量、品质指标和产量。研究发现,各种有机无机肥配施的生姜专用肥均促进生姜生长发育,提高N、P、K、Fe、Zn 等矿质元素的吸收、改善生姜品质,并增加生姜产量。综合比较以T6(有机肥45 t·hm-2+ 复合肥2.25 t·hm-2,即施用有机肥N+P2O5+K2O=400.5+1390.5+1165.5 kg·hm-2,配施复合肥N+P2O5+K2O=337.5+135+450 kg·hm-2)处理总体效果最好,是最佳肥料处理组合。与对照相比,提高了成熟期地上部和姜块N、P、K 含量, 分别为30.07% 和25.57%、31.73% 和67.68%、43.33% 和62.37%; 提高姜块可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、姜辣素和姜黄素含量分别为32.42%、54.15%、35.10% 和49.25%;各处理生姜增产达到15.76% ~ 66.38%。试验结果表明,有机无机肥配施可有效促进生姜生长,提高生姜养分吸收,改善姜块品质,增加生姜产量。综合考虑,以有机肥45 t·hm-2+ 复合肥2.25 t·hm-2 为最佳农艺施肥方案,建议在相关地区推广应用。

    Abstract:

    The irrational fertilization phenomenon is common in ginger production in our country. Studying the effects of different organic and inorganic fertilizer dosages and ratios on gingergrowth,nutritionalquality,and yield can provide reference for efficient fertilization and high-quality ginger production. At the sametime,it is also an important measure to improve ginger production efficiency and protect the ecological environment. Under fieldconditions,using Shandong Laiwuginger( Zingiber Officinale Roscoe)asthe testmaterial,organic and inorganic fertilizers were used as experimental factors. A two-factor,three -level complete block design wasadopted,with atotal of 9 treatmentcombinations,includinglow,medium, and high levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers. All organic and inorganic fertilizers were applied as base fertilizers. At the mature stageof ginger,three samples of ginger from each plot were randomly collected to measuregrowth parameters, nutrientabsorption,qualityindicators,and yield. The study found that the combined application of various organic and inorganic fertilizerspromoted ginger growth anddevelopment,increased the absorption of mineral elements such asN,P,K,Fe,Zn,improved gingerquality,and increased gingeryield. Comparatively,treatmentT6(organic fertilizer 45 t·hm-2 + compound fertilizer 2.25 t·hm-2,i.e.,applying organic fertilizer+P2O5+K2O=400.5+1390.5+1165.5 kg·hm-2,and applying compound fertilizer N+P2O5+K2O=337.5+135+450 kg·hm-2)had the best overall effect and was the best fertilizer treatmentcombination. Compared with thecontrol,it increased theN,P,and K contents in the aboveground part and ginger rhizomes by 30.07%and25.57%,31.73%and67.68%,43.33%and62.37%,respectively;and increased the contents ofsolublesugars,solubleproteins,gingerols,and curcumin in ginger rhizomes by32.42%,54.15%,35.10%,and49.25%, respectively. The yield of ginger in each treatment was increased from 15.76% to 66.38%. The experimental results indicate that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can effectively promote gingergrowth,improve nutrientabsorption,enhance ginger rhizomequality,and increase ginger yield. Considering allfactors,the best agricultural fertilization scheme is organic fertilizer 45 t·hm-2 + compound fertilizer 2.25 t·hm-2,which is worth promoting and applying in related areas.

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窦昂洋,程艳,涂书新.有机无机肥料配施对生姜养分吸收和产量及品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2024,(1):122-128.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-08
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  • 录用日期:2023-06-22
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-04-09
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