In thisstudy，a field experiment wasconducted in SipingCity，Jilin Province for twoconsecutiveyears(2021-2022). The nylon mesh bag method was used to determine the release rate of straw phosphorus and potassium under two strawreturning methods of straw mulch(SM)and straw bury(SB)and two nitrogen application levels of nonitrogen fertilizer(N0) and N 180 kg·hm-2(N180). The purpose of this study was to clarify the response of maize straw phosphorus and potassium release to returning methods and nitrogen fertilizer management in black soil area and its effect on maize yield. The results showed that returning methods and nitrogen application significantly affected the release of phosphorus and potassium from straw. The average two-year cumulative release rate of phosphorus in SB treatment was69.7%，which was significantly higher than 54.5% in SM treatment. Compared with N0treatment，the phosphorus release rate of straw increased by 12.3%. The average two-year cumulative release rate of straw potassium in SB treatment was95.6%，which was significantly higher than 94.2% in SM treatment. The effect of nitrogen application on the cumulative release of straw potassium wasalsosignificant， and the fertilizer nitrogen input increased the cumulative release rate of straw potassium by 1.1%. By estimating thesubstitution potential of straw phosphorus andpotassium，it was considered that the substitution potential of straw phosphorusto phosphorus fertilizer(P 2O5)waslow，which was 9.1 kg·hm-2.However，the substitution potential of straw potassium forpotassiumfertilizer(K 2O)washigher，which was 141.0 kg·hm-2. The two-year returning method had no significant effect onmaizeyield，but there was a certain difference in the number of grains per ear. The number of grains per ear of maize was 430 grains·ear-1，which was significantly higher than that of 409 grains·ear-1. Nitrogen application significantly promotedthe formation of yield and increased the yield of maize. Compared with N0treatment，the yield of maize increased by 7707 kg·hm-2 in two years. By combining the comprehensive analysis of strawphosphorus and potassium nutrient release，it is considered that the phosphorus and potassium nutrients released by straw are beneficial to the formation of panicles and grainsunder the condition of sufficient nitrogen supply in black soilarea，so as to ensure stable yield.