土壤改良剂对潮土氮循环功能基因丰度、酶活性及肥力指数的影响
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(中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 /农业农村部耕地质量监测与评价重点实验室,北京 100081)

作者简介:

李双霜(1999-),硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤环境评价。E-mail:lishuangshuang@caas.cn。

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基金项目:

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(22176215)。


Effects of soil amendments on nitrogen cycling functional genes’abundance,extracellular enzymes and soil fertility index in a sandy fluvo-aquic soil
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(Institute of Agricultural Resources and RegionalPlanning,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring andEvaluation,Ministry of Agriculture and RuralAffairs,Beijing100081)

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    摘要:

    以虾头蟹壳废弃物为有机土壤改良剂、以凹凸棒为无机土壤改良剂,采用小麦 -玉米轮作方式,在河北砂质潮土进行 4年(2015—2019年)田间定位试验。试验设 4个处理:无改良剂(CK)、无机改良剂(SA)、有机改良剂(SC)、无机改良剂 +有机改良剂(SCA)。采集 2019年玉米收获后的耕层土壤,测定土壤化学性质、氮循环功能基因丰度、胞外酶活性等,并用因子分析法和内梅罗指数法计算土壤综合肥力指数(IFI)。结果表明,(1)改良剂能够显著提升土壤固氮基因( nifH)、氨氧化细菌基因(AOB-amoA)、反硝化基因( nirS和 nosZ)的绝对丰度( P<0.05),且呈现 SCA>SC>SA。有机碳是影响土壤氮循环功能基因丰度的关键因子。(2)施入有机改良剂后,参与碳转化的 β-葡萄糖苷酶和 β-纤维二糖苷酶、氮转化的 β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶和亮氨酸氨基肽酶、磷转化的碱性磷酸酶活性均显著增加( P<0.05)。有机改良剂的添加缓解了磷对微生物的限制,有效磷成为影响胞外酶活性的关键因子。(3)在涵盖氮循环功能基因和胞外酶活性条件下,用因子分析法计算得到的 IFI与产量的相关性更高;利用相对稳定的土壤化学指标,用内梅罗指标法计算的 IFI也能很好地反映土壤肥力水平与产量间的正相关关系。综上所述,有机无机改良剂配合施用可以提高氮循环功能基因丰度和碳、氮、磷循环相关胞外酶活性,提升土壤综合肥力水平,是促进养分循环、增加产量的重要措施。

    Abstract:

    A four-year(2015—2019)field experiment was carried out under wheat-maize rotation system in Langfangcity,Hebei province. The purpose of the experiment was to study how inorganic and organic amendments affecting nitrogencycling functional genes’abundance and extracellular enzymes. The experiment consisted of fourtreatments:control(CK), inorganicamendment(SA),organicamendment(SC),and organic + inorganicamendments(SCA). After maize were harvested in2019,soil samples were collected from arable layer. Chemicalproperties,abundance of nitrogen cycling functionalgenes,and extracellular enzyme activities weremeasured. Soil integrated fertility index(IFI)was calculated using factor analysis method and Nemero index method. The results showed that amendments significantly increased the absolute abundance of soil nitrogen fixationgenes( nifH),ammonia oxidizing bacteriagenes(AOB -amoA),and denitrificationgenes( nirS and nosZ)(P<0.05). The abundance of functional genes was in the order of SCA>SC>SA. The redundancyanalysis(RDA)showed that soil organic carbon was the key factor affecting functional gene abundance.Furthermore, organic amendments significantly improvedcarbon(β -Glucosidase,β -Cellobiohydrolase),nitrogen(β -1, 4-N-acetylglucosaminidase,leucineaminopeptidase)and phosphorus(alkaline phosphatase)related enzyme activities(P<0.05). RDA results showed that available phosphorus was the main factor affecting enzyme activities under different amendments. Soil IFIs using factor analysis method and Nemero index method were both positively correlated with maize yield.Inconclusion,combined application of organic and inorganic amendments could increase the abundance of functional genes related tonitrogencycling,and the activities of extracellular enzymes related tocarbon,nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, and improve thesoil IFI. Therefore,combined application of organic and inorganic amendments is an important strategy to promote nutrient condition and crop yield in sandy soil.

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李双霜,张贺,杨静,李桂花,张建峰.土壤改良剂对潮土氮循环功能基因丰度、酶活性及肥力指数的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2024,(2):10-17.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-07
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2023-04-03
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-05-22
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