In order to explore the effects of different forms of straw return on soil fertility of brown loam tobaccoplanting， an experiment was conducted tocharacterize the soil physical properties，nutrient status and soil enzyme activities of 0-20 cmsoillayer，and comprehensively evaluate the soil fertility quality and flue -cured tobacco yield and quality. Four forms of maize straw returning weresetup，including straw crushing 1cm(FS1)，straw crushing 5cm(FS5)，straw crushing 10 cm (FS10)and straw powder 1mm(FM)，and the no straw application treatment was used asthecontrol(CK). The results of the two-year testshowedthat:(1)Compared with CK，straw return treatment could improvesoil physical properties，reduce soil bulk density by2.88%-10.99%，increase field waterholding capacity by5.96%-34.02%，reduce the averagepenetration resistance of soil layer by19.17%-25.87%，and the effect of FS5 treatment was the mostsignificant( P<0.05).(2)Different straw return forms differed in the enhancement of soil carbon and nitrogen. FS5 and FM treatments significantly increased soil total organic carbon content by 74.08% and 44.84% compared toCK( P<0.05)，FS1，FS5 and FS10 treatments significantly increased the microbial biomass carbon contentby80.79%，125.31% and70.39%( P<0.05)，respectively，with the highest increase in FS5treatment，which could also increase soil totalnitrogen，carbon to nitrogen ratio and nitrate nitrogen contentby34.40%，20.22% and749.06%( P<0.05)，respectively.(3)Compared withCK， different straw return forms significantly increased soil sucrase and cellulase activities by 52.40%-222.39% and 6.19%-26.88%(P<0.05)，respectively，with the highest increase of FS5treatment.(4)The results of soil fertility evaluation showed that FS5 treatment had the highest overall qualityscore(0.72)and could be used as an effective straw form to improvesoil fertility of brown loamy plantedtobacco，wheresoil nitratenitrogen，soil microbial biomass carbon and cellulase were the key factorsaffecting soil fertility.(5)FS1 and FS5 treatments could increase post-baking tobacco yield by 8.46%-23.34%. Inconclusion，different straw return forms could improve the physicochemical properties and enzyme activities ofbrown loam tobacco soil in the shortterm，among which the effect of straw crushing 5 cm wasbetter，which could achieve rapid improvement of soil comprehensive fertility.