This paper aimed to explore the dynamic change of yield and surface waterphosphorus，in order to provide data supportfor water and fertilizer management in the red soil rice region. The experiment was carried out in2022，Eight phosphorus application treatments weredesigned，including0，26.6，33.8，41.1，48.3，55.6，62.8，70.1 kg/hm²(remarking asP0，P26.6，P33.8，P41.1，P48.3，P55.6，P62.8，P70.1treatments，respectively). The phosphorus absorption and yield of early rice wasmeasured，the change of total phosphorus concentration and content in the field water0，1，3，5，and 7 days after fertilization wasmonitored，alsothe correlation between riceyield，phosphorusuptake，and total phosphorus content in surface water and the phosphorus fertilizer dosage was analyzed. The results showed that the phosphorus absorption of rice showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer dosage. The highest phosphorus absorption wasobserved in P55.6treatment，followed byP48.3，P62.8，P41.1，P33.8，P26.6 and P70.1treatments，but no significant differences wereobserved，with P0 treatment being the lowest.Throughcalculation，it was found that the optimal amount of phosphate fertilizer was 50.29 kg/hm². The yield of early rice showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase application of phosphorus fertilizer. The yield of P0 treatment wasthelowest，followed by P26.6treatment，both of which were significantly lower than that of otherphosphorustreatments，and there was no significant difference between other treatments. The yield of P55.6 treatment was thehighest，followed by P48.3treatment，and theyield ofP41.1，P33.8 treatment was slightly lower than that of P48.3 treatment. The highest yield occurred at 51.88 kg/hm². The concentration and content of total phosphorus in surface water gradually increased with the increase of the amount of phosphorus fertilizer. The concentration and content of total phosphorus in surface water at each treatment increased first and then decreased afterfertilization，and reached the peak value 1 day afterfertilization，then began to decline and stabilized 3 days after fertilization. Based onthe linearequation，it was found that there was asignificant positive correlation( P<0.05) between the total phosphorus content and the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied in the field water from 0 to 7 days after fertilization. For every 1 kg/hm² increase in phosphorus fertilizer applied at0，1，3，5，and 7 days afterfertilization，the total phosphorus content in the field water increasedby0.046，0.033，0.011，0.011，and 0.020 kg/hm²，respectively.Therefore，the suitable application amount of phosphorus fertilizer(P 2O5)for the early rice season in red soil paddy fields in China was 51.09 kg/hm². Within 3 days after fertilization was a high-risk period for phosphorus loss and drainage should be reduced.