The effect of side deep fertilization of nitrogen(SDN) on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under different conditions was investigated to provide a theoretical basis for precise fertilization of nitrogen forrice. By collecting published literature，thisstudy established a database of rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under 214 groups of SDN and broadcast of nitrogen(BN). The meta-analysis method was used to study the improvement of SDN on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under different rice plantingareas，soil physicochemical properties，nitrogen application rates and so on. The random forest analysis was used for the main controlling factors of SDN’s impacts. SDN could significantly improveyield，nitrogen partial factorproductivity，nitrogen agronomicefficiency and nitrogen recovery efficiency by4.57%，4.57%，23.94% and21.11%，respectively. For the different plantingareas， the yield improvement of SDN was the largest in Northeast rice area. Different rice types had different increase rates in SDN yield and nitrogen useefficiency，ranked as Japonicarice(6.85%)> Indicarice(5.11%)，and Hybrid rice had no significant effects on yield increase rate. In terms of the improvement of SDN onnitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen recoveryefficiency，it rankedas Indica > Japonica rice > Hybrid rice. Under different crop types，the yield increase rate of SDN was single -season rice(7.39%)> double-season rice(2.00%)，and the increase of nitrogen use efficiency was single -season rice > double-season rice. Soil properties total nitrogen <2 g/kg and available nitrogen <150 mg/kg had greatly improved the rice yield. When nitrogen fertilization rate of SDN was ≤150 kg/hm² and top-dressing nitrogenapplication，both the rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency were greatly improved. The results of random forest analysis showed that the increase of SDN on rice yield wasmainly affected by soil totalnitrogen，available phosphorusand nitrogen applicationrate，while nitrogen use efficiency increase rate was mainly affected by availablenitrogen， nitrogen application rate and available phosphorus. SDN can significantly improve rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency. And the use of side deep fertilization of nitrogen in Southern rice area and Yangtze River basin did not increase yield and nitrogen use efficiency as well as Northeast rice area. SDN was conducive to increasing the yield and efficiency of rice in soil with low nitrogen content. Nitrogen application rate of SDN should not exceed 150 kg/hm². Enhanced-efficiency nitrogenfertilizers，topdressing nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer combined with SDN are beneficial to increase the sustainability production of rice.