Soil health is closely related to the quality and safety of agricultural products and the sustainable development of agriculture. Different fertilization techniques have great impacts onthephysical，chemical and biological functions insoil，which then affect the level of soil health. This paper clarified the definition and development history of soilhealth，described the impacts of long-term excessive fertilizer application and different tillage measures on soilhealthy，summarized the mechanisms of organic fertilization on improving soil health from threeaspects:physical functions，chemical functions andbiological functions，and prospected the future directions of soil health research. This paper could provide the theoretical support and technical guidance for cultivating the healthy soil and promoting the high-quality development of agriculture in our country.