Soil profile survey and description is the basic work of soil classification. Physicochemical properties analysis of soil profile is the essential work in evaluating soil qualities. Taking Songnen Plain as the research area，four different soil types were included:chernozem(HGT)，thick layer black soil(HHT)，thin layer black soil(BHT)，aeolian soil(FST). The investigation was comparatively carried out through vertical and horizontal ways. Results showed that the texture of HHT and BHT were finer than other soil types，and HGT had the coarsest texture. Sand content were increased by 21% in HGT，125% in HHT，122% in BHT，respectively，with the deepening of soil layer，and textures were becoming coarser in all soil types，except for FST. Soil color became darker with the deepen depth，and HHT profile color was darker than other soil types. Soil pH exhibited increased trend with the depth deepening，the soil pH in HGT，HHT，BHT，FST were raised by 58%，44%，22%，37%，respectively. The pH of HHT was significantly higher than other soil types(P<0.05).Soil organic carbon(SOC)in HGT，HHT，BHT，FST were decreased by 21%，41%，26%，23% along with the deepening soil layers，respectively. The SOC content in 0-60 cm of HHT was significantly higher than other soil types. Soil nutrients were declined with the soil depth，the available nitrogen，available potassium and available phosphorus in different soil types were averagely reduced by 38.1%-68.2%，46.3%-98.3% and 100%，respectively. From these results，it can be summarized that，on vertical scale，soil development degree，SOC content and soil nutrients were all weakened with soil layer deepening and a significant acidification were found in top soil layers. On horizontal scale，layer black soil has a higher development degree than other soil types.