To explore the effects of carbon-based phosphate fertilizer as phosphorus sources on the availability and fractions changes of soil phosphorus，a soil incubation experiment was conducted. Cow manure biochar(BC)，triple super phosphate(TSP)，carbon based phosphorus fertilizer prepared in different ways(TSP-1 and TSP-2)were added to phaeozem(high phosphorus)and red soil(low phosphorus)，respectively，and a blank control(CK)was set up，then cultured for 70 days. The results showed that BC treatment slightly improved the phosphorus availability in phaeozem and red soil. TSP，TSP-1 and TSP-2 treatments significantly increased the total and available phosphorus contents of phaeozem and red soil.In the early stage of phaeozem incubation(0-28 d)，the soil available phosphorus content under TSP，TSP-1 and TSP-2 treatments decreased by 42.21%，16.81% and 29.93%，respectively，in the middle and late stage of incubation(28-70 d)，the soil available phosphorus content under TSP-1 and TSP-2 treatments was 9.47% and 9.81% higher than that of TSP treatment. In the early stage of red soil incubation(0-28 d)，the soil available phosphorus content under TSP，TSP-1 and TSP-2 treatments decreased by 78.31%，24.64% and 57.53%，respectively，and in the middle and late stage of incubation(28-70 d)，the soil available phosphorus content under TSP-1 and TSP-2 treatment was 129.23% and 53.10% higher than that of TSP treatment，respectively. BC treatment increased the content of HCl-P in phaeozem and NaOH-P and HCl-P in red soil；TSP，TSP-1 and TSP-2 treatments significantly increased the contents of Water-P and NaHCO3-P in phaeozem and red soil，and also affected other phosphorus components(NaOH-P，HCl-P，Residual-P). BC，TSP-1 and TSP-2 treatments significantly increased the pH value of phaeozem and red soil，while TSP treatment reduced the pH value of phaeozem，but had little effect on the pH value of red soil. In conclusion，compared with inorganic phosphorus fertilizer，carbonbased phosphorus fertilizer as phosphorus source could slow down the release rate of phosphorus in phaeozem and red soil， and could prevent phosphorus from being fixed in large quantities by soil. It could affect the distribution of soil phosphorus fractions，and could improve the effective utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer in soil，especially in red soil.