蔬菜废弃物循环堆肥的性能及经济效益评价
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(云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201)

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李兰(1995-),硕士研究生,主要从事有机固体废弃物资源化利用方面的研究。E-mail:1689521764@qq.com。

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基金项目:云南省重大科研专项(202202AE090025,202102AE090030);国家自然科学基金(32160744);云南省高层次人才培养计划青年拔尖人才专项。


Evaluation of performance and economic benefit of vegetable waste circulation composting
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(College of Resources and Environment,YunnanAgricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201)

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    摘要:

    蔬菜废弃物含水率高,在堆肥堆制中需要添加大量高碳低水辅料进行调节,生产成本高,资源化利用率低,为了研发适用于消纳高含水率蔬菜废弃物的好氧堆肥发酵工艺体系以促进废弃物高效资源化利用,通过设置传统好氧堆肥和循环堆肥两组试验,研究蔬菜废弃物循环堆肥的性能,评价其工艺的可行性和经济效益。结果表明:在第一、二次循环过程中,堆肥性能稳定,堆体升温迅速,高温期分别持续10、5d;在第三次循环中,系统稳定性开始波动,温度≥50℃保持5d,第四次循环堆肥系统恶化,堆体无法达到50℃,终止循环过程。循环堆肥物料最终pH值为6.72、电导率值为3.43mS·cm-1,种子发芽指数为72.0%,满足无害化标准要求,不会对植物产生毒害。循环堆肥能使蔬菜废弃物迅速脱水,并将堆体水分保持在50%~60%的最佳范围以利于有机物质的降解,4次循环蔬菜废弃物最高降解率分别为92.9%、88.6%、59.4%、21.7%。经济效益分析表明,与常规堆肥相比较,循环堆肥辅料用量及成本减少48.8%,同时,添加同量的辅料,循环堆肥能消纳更多的蔬菜废弃物,其利润是常规堆肥的7.15倍。综上所述,循环堆肥工艺可行、性能稳定,最大循环次数为3次,辅料应用量少,利润高,是处理高含水率蔬菜废弃物经济可行的技术。

    Abstract:

    Vegetable waste has high water content.A large number of high carbon and low water auxiliary materials need to be added in the composting process for adjustment,resulting in high production cost and low resource utilization rate.In order to develop the aerobic composting process system suitable for consuming vegetable waste with high water content and promote the efficient resource utilization of waste,an experiment with traditional aerobic composting and recycling composting was conducted.The performance of vegetable waste recycling composting was studied,and the feasibility and economic benefits of the process were evaluated.The results showed that in the first and second cycle,the performance of the composting was stable,and the temperature of the pile was rapid,and the high temperature period lasted for 10 and 5 days,respectively.In the third cycle,the stability of the system began to fluctuate,and the ≥50℃ temperature was remained for 5 days.In the fourth cycle,the composting system deteriorated and the heap could not reach 50℃,which terminated the cycle process.The final pH value of the recycled composts material was 6.72,the EC value was 3.43 mS·cm-1,and the seed germination index was 72.0%,which met the requirements of the harmless standard and did not cause toxicity to plants.The recycling composting can dehydrate vegetable waste rapidly,and keep the water of the pile in the optimal range of 50%-60% to facilitate the degradation of organic materials.The highest degradation rates of the four recycling for vegetable waste were 92.9%,88.6%,59.4%,21.7%,respectively.The economic benefit analysis showed that,compared with conventional composting,the amount of auxiliary materials and cost of recycling composting were reduced by 48.8%.At the same time,adding the same amount of auxiliary materials,recycling composting could absorb more vegetable waste,and its profit was 7.15 times that of conventional composting.In conclusion,the process of recycling composting is feasible and stable,the maximum number of cycles is three times,the amount of auxiliary materials is less,and the profit is high.It is an economical and feasible technology for the treatment of vegetable waste with high water content.

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李兰,王宇蕴,李双菊,王自林,徐智.蔬菜废弃物循环堆肥的性能及经济效益评价[J].中国土壤与肥料,2024,(3):189-197.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-28
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  • 录用日期:2023-06-05
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-06-06
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