It is of great significance to study the changes of organic carbon and nitrogen components of red soil under different planting patterns to improve the quality of red soil. Through the plot experiment，five planting patterns of maize // radish intercropping（MS），maize // soybean intercropping（MR），maize monoculture（MM），soybean monoculture （RR）and radish monoculture（SS）were set up. The results showed that intercropping promoted the increase of soil organic carbon（SOC）and nitrogen（TN），microbial biomass carbon（MBC）and nitrogen（MBN），dissolved organic carbon（DOC）and nitrogen（DON）content，among which the enhancement effect of MBC and MBN content was more significant. Compared with MM and RR，the contents of SOC，MBC and DOC in MR treatment were increased by 18.40%- 31.60% and 5.40%-52.10%，respectively，while the contents of TN，MBN and DON were increased by 13.40%-84.30% and 19.20%-64.40%，respectively. Compared with MM and SS treatments，the contents of SOC，MBC and DOC in MS treatment were increased by 5.10%-9.60% and 12.00%-53.80%，respectively，while the contents of TN，MBN and DON were increased by 2.70%-31.00% and 0.80%-23.42%，respectively. The contents of MBC and DON accounted for the larger proportion of SOC and TN，which were 1.00%-1.71% and 5.10%-14.18%，respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the content of each carbon and nitrogen component was significantly and positively correlated with SOC and TN，with the correlation coefficients between DOC and SOC，MBN and TN above 0.70，indicating that DOC and MBN could better reflect the dynamic changes of SOC and TN. In conclusion，the content of carbon and nitrogen components in red soil under intercropping is more advantageous than that under monoculture，which can be used as a technical measure for soil and water conservation，fertilizer increase and efficiency improvement of slope cultivated land in this area.