In order to explore the effects of adding fulvic acid under different fertility conditions on soil bacterial diversity， nutrient absorption，and yield of cabbage，the cabbage variety‘Youbeite’was used as the research material. A total of 4 treatments were set up in the experiment：Base fertilizer application+fulvic acid（H-FA），Base fertilizer application（HCK），No application of base fertilizer + fulvic acid（L-FA），No application of base fertilizer（L-CK）. A total of 30 mg of fulvic acid was applied to per cabbage plant. The application of fulvic acid and the level of fertility did not significantly affect the species richness and community diversity of soil bacteria，but the addition of fulvic acid improved the relative abundance of phosphorus bacteria and growth promoting bacteria. Under the condition of applying base fertilizer，adding fulvic acid significantly improved the physiological utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus. The physiological utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in H-FA was（341.00 ± 8.34）and（2296.98 ± 47.49）kg·kg^-1 ，respectively， which was 1.11 and 1.07 times than that of H-CK，respectively. Under the condition of not applying base fertilizer，the accumulation of nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium in the aboveground part of the plant after adding fulvic acid was higher than that of the control. The addition of humic acid significantly increased the fresh weight of the aboveground and underground parts of cabbage. Under the condition of applying base fertilizer，it increased by 15.8% and 20.7%，compared to the control，respectively. Under the condition of not applying base fertilizer，it increased by 16.2% and 7.7%，compared to the control，respectively. In conclusion，fulvic acid can promote the growth of cabbage roots，thereby increasing cabbage yield. Adding humic acid is an effective measure to reduce fertilizer input without reducing cabbage yield.