尿素穴施削减麦田NH3挥发、NO和N2O排放
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(1.南京信息工程大学生态与应用气象学院,江苏省农业气象重点实验室,江苏 南京 210044;2.广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广东 广州 510640;3.中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏 南京 210018)

作者简介:

德吉卓玛(1996-),硕士研究生,主要研究领域为生态农业。E-mail:3203165573@qq.com。曾科(1991-),助理研究员,博士,主要研究方向为土壤培肥改良与氮肥高效利用。E-mail:18761687868@163.com。德吉卓玛和曾科为共同第1作者。

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基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42007210);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022425);广东省重点计划项目(2023B0202010027)。


Eliminating NH3,NO and N2O emissions simultaneously in a wheat field by urea point placement Dekyi
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(1.School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science andTechnology,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of AgriculturalMeteorology,NanjingJiangsu210044;2.Institute of Agricultural Resources andEnvironment,Guangdong Academy of AgriculturalSciences,Guangzhou Guangdong510640;3.Institute of SoilScience,Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Soiland SustainableAgriculture,Nanjing Jiangsu210008)

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    摘要:

    传统的尿素表施往往导致大量的活性氮损失,如NH3和NOx排放,加剧了我国城市的空气污染,特别是在冬季。将尿素集中穴施于土下,可能对NH3和NOx的排放有深远的影响。但对于冬小麦田,这方面的研究欠缺。基于此,在冬小麦田开展了田间试验,设置了3个处理:传统的尿素3次表施(CT);尿素一次性穴施(PP);不施氮的对照处理(CK)。结果表明,尿素一次性穴施模式下,NH4+-N扩散到土壤表层的程度很小,从而使穴施处理麦季的NH3挥发总量比表施处理低80%,与CK处理相同,仅占总施氮量的0.7%。穴施处理明显减少了NO日排放通量,穴施麦季的NO排放总量仅占施氮量的0.1%。相比表施处理,穴施处理使麦季的N2O排放量降低了25%,占总施氮量的0.6%。穴施处理消除NO和N2O排放主要在于NH4+扩散的范围小(仅在土下4~13cm),肥点附近高浓度的NH4+-N和冬季低温不利于微生物的硝化作用。由于尿素穴施延长了肥效,穴施处理的小麦产量并未减产,与表施相似。因此,在冬小麦种植系统中,尿素穴施可以提升环境效益而不牺牲小麦产量。

    Abstract:

    Traditional surface application of urea often leads to the large amount of reactivenitrogen(N)losses,such as NH3 and NOxemissions,which have substantial impacts on the air pollution of Chinese cities,especially in winter. Urea point placement may have profound influences on NH3 and NOx emissions due to the concentrated N-fertilizer under rootzone,but there has no such information available in winter wheat fields. A field experiment in a winter wheat field conductedwhich included threetreatments:traditional 3 -split urea broadcasting(CT); one-time urea point placement(PP),and CK without N. The results demonstrated that the total loss of NH3 from the point placement was negligible due to minimal NH4+-Ndiffusion into the surface soillayer,which was only 0.7% of the total applied N and 80% lower than that of the broadcastingtreatment. The point placement treatment notably minimized the daily NOfluxes,and its total NO emission only accountedfor 0.1% of the applied N. Compared with the broadcasting treatment,the point placement treatment reduced the wheat seasonal N2O emission by25%,which accounted for 0.6% of the total nitrogen application. Negligible NO and N 2O emission in the point placement treatment was attributable to the narrow range of NH4+movement(4-13 cm below the soilsurface), high concentration around fertilizer placement and low winter temperature suppressed the microbial nitrification. The point placement treatment produced similar wheat yield compared to broadcasting due to the long-lasting fertilization effects. Inconclusion,urea point placement could provide environmental benefits without sacrificing wheat yield in winter wheat cropping systems.

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德吉卓玛,曾科,尹斌,李琪,姚元林.尿素穴施削减麦田NH3挥发、NO和N2O排放[J].中国土壤与肥料,2024,(6):18-26.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-03
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  • 录用日期:2023-11-07
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-09-06
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