The effects of microbial fertilizer on soil bacterial microbial community structure and soil chemical properties of wine grape in different fertilization treatments at different stages and their relationship were explored to provide a scientific basis for healthy planting and soil management of wine vineyards in the eastern foot of Helan mountain. Taking the winegrape variety“meilutou”widely planted in the eastern foot of Helan mountain in Ningxia as the testmaterial，the field plotexperimental design was adopted to set up the four treatments of no fertilization，conventional chemical fertilizer，bio -organic fertilizer + reduced chemical fertilizer，and powdered microbial bio -organic fertilizer + reduced chemical fertilizer. High throughput sequencing technology was used to study and analyze the soil bacterial diversity and community composition of various fertilization treatments in different periods. The results showed that the dominant groups of soil bacteria in differentfertilization treatments were Proteobacteria，Acidobacteriota，Bacteroidota andActinobacteriota，and the dominant genus were Nitrosospira，Acidobacterium RB41 and Sphingomonas. The soil bacterial diversity index of each fertilization treatment was significantly higher than that of the non-fertilization control，and there was significant difference in soil bacterial community structure between break period and harvest period. The relative abundance of Nirosospira and Acidobacterium RB41 was significantly increased by bio-organic fertilizer and its substrate treatment, respectively, while the relative abundance of Nirosospirawas decreased by no fertilization treatment. Through redundancy analysis and correlationanalysis， it was found that soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and organic mattercontents，pH value were the main factors affecting thediversity of soil bacterial community，among which alkali -hydrolyzable nitrogen content was the main driving factor，and Actinomycetes could adapt to the degree of soil salinization in the study area. Microbial fertilizer could improve soil nutrientcontent，reduce soil pH value and total salt content，and increase soil bacterial community diversity，among which the overall effect of bio-organic fertilizer was the most significant.