The aimed to explore the effects of long-term different nitrogen levels on the structural composition and diversity ofsoil fungal communities(0 -20 cm soillayer)in Korla fragrant pear( Pyrus brestschneideri Rehd.)orchards，and to provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in the production process of Korla fragrant pear. Based on the long-term fertilization experiment，the relationships between soil physicochemical properties and soil fungal community composition in Korla fragrant pear orchard under four nitrogen application rates of N0，150，300 and 450 kg/hm (expressedasN0，N1，N2 andN3，respectively)were studied by using high -throughput sequencing technology. The results showedthatAscomycota，Basidiomycetes and Mortierella were the dominant fungal groups in the soil of all fertilization treatments. The dominant fungal genera were Aspergillus，Acrosporase，Alternaria，Staphylococcus，and Pseudomonas. Carbon andnitrogen contents and soil physicochemical properties significantly affected the composition of microbialcommunities，while high nitrogen fertilization increased the richness of fungi. Medium to high nitrogen fertilization enhanced fungal diversityand community distribution uniformity，and soil fungal community biodiversity was mainly affected by carbon and nitrogencomponentscontents，electricalconductivity，and pH.