Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents were important indexes for evaluating soil fertility.Therefore， the response characteristics of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents to organic fertilizer could provide guidance for the scientific organic fertilizer application. A total of 84 high-quality literatures were retrieved from thedatabase，and 625sets of valid field experiment data were extracted. The changes of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogencontents，crop yield under organic fertilizer application and their influencing factors were analyzed by Meta-analysis. The results showedthat organic fertilizer significantly promoted soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents，crop yield( P<0.05)，increasing by41.14%[95% confidenceinterval(CI):38.32%-44.04%]，46.46%(95%CI:43.02%-50.01%)and 48.85%(95%CI:43.86%-45.03%)，respectively. Organic fertilizer increased microbial biomass carbon content by46.80%(95%CI:43.22%-50.46%)，microbial biomass nitrogen content by56.0%(95%CI:47.18%-65.37%)，and crop yield by 47.48%(95%CI:39.98%-55.36%)，compared with no fertilization. Organic fertilizer combined withfertilizer increased microbial biomass carbon content by36.06%(95%CI:21.22%-52.71%)，microbial biomass nitrogencontent by40.80%(95%CI:30.42%-52.01%)，and crop yield by4.04%(95%CI:2.26%-5.46%)，compared with single chemical fertilizer. The results of Meta-analysis showed that soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents，cropyield were also affected by croptype，nitrogen applicationamount，organic fertilizer applicationmode，soil initialpH， soil type and climate conditions. Further correlation analysis showed that microbial biomass carbon content was positivelycorrelated with initial soil pH and average annualtemperature( P<0.05)，soil microbial biomass nitrogen content wassignificantly positively correlated with soil initial pH and nitrogen application amount( P<0.05)，soil microbial biomasscarbon and nitrogen ratio was significantly positively correlated with average annualtemperature( P<0.05)and cropyield was positively correlated with soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents，soil initialpH( P<0.05). Ingeneral，organic fertilizer could significantly promote soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogencontents，crop yield. It is recommended to construct the fertilization technique of single or combined application of organic fertilizer in combination withfactors such as croptype，soil condition and climatetype，so as to realize the effective utilization of fertilizerresources，the improvement of soil productivity and the construction of soil health microecology.