Peanut is an important oil crop in China，with large planting area and high annual output. In order to alleviate the harmful effects of continuous cropping obstacles on peanut growth and soil environment caused by continuous planting ofpeanuts，the effects of Bacillus velezensisQL-2 on peanutgrowth，soilfertility，enzyme activity and microbial community were evaluated by combining Bacillus velezensis QL-2 microbial agent with common base fertilizer. The results showed that Bacillus velezensisQL-2 promoted the growth of peanut. The contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen，availablephosphorus and available potassium in soil increased by43.24%，19.01% and19.29%，respectively. The activities ofsoil urease，sucrase，protease and acid phosphatase in soil increased by18.42%，120.59%，10.55% and38.37%，respectively. Inaddition， Bacillus velezensisQL-2 affected the composition of soil microbialcommunity，enriched soil beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus，Sphingomonas，and Chujaibacter，and reduced the abundance of soil harmful microorganisms such as Aspergillus and Ascomycota. The results showed that Bacillus velezensis QL-2 could promote thegrowth of peanut，improve soil fertility，drive the accumulation of beneficial microorganisms and alleviate the problem ofcontinuous cropping obstacles in peanutsoil，which provided theoretical basis and technical support for the green ecological planting strategy of peanut.