Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of chitosan oligosaccharides and cello-oligosaccharide on the community structure of azotobacter in the rhizosphere and the yield of peanut. The experiment included three treatments on thesurface ofleaf:cleanwater(CK)，chitosan oligosaccharides 50mg/L(CSOS)and cello-oligosaccharide 50mg/L(COS). High throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the community structure and diversity of azotobacter in therhizosphere.(1)Compared toCK，the relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium，Vitreoscilla，Azohydromonas，Azospirillum， Pseudomonas，Calothrix and Frankia，significantly increased of CSOS treatment by10.99%，45.63%，29.88%，23.24%，181.13%，27.75% and36.61%，respectively. The relative abundance of Azospirillum，Sinorhizobium and Calothrix ofCOS treatment significantly increased by86.12%，664.41% and277.97%，respectively.(2)Compared withCK，the CSOS treatment significantly increased the content of total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the soil with an averageincrease of 15.50% and20.19%，respectively. COS treatment significantly increased total nitrogen，nitrate nitrogen andammonium nitrogen in the soil by17.05%，18.68% and27.58%，respectively；Inaddition，soil pH decreased significantlyby 0.08 and 0.06 for both CSOS and COS treatments compared toCK，respectively.(3)Both CSOS and COS treatmentssignificantly increased peanut yield by 19.3% and22.0%，respectively.Therefore，foliar sprays of chitosan oligosaccharides and cellooligosaccharide regulated the relative abundance of different nitrogen-fixing bacterial genera and affected soilphysicochemical factors(total nitrogen，nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen)in the root zone of peanut，all of which ultimately significantly increased peanut yield.