Effects of synergistic use of organic and inorganic exogenous nitrogen on the yield of winter wheat and maize and nitrogen changes in soil profile can provide a theoretical basis for rationally reducing the application rate of nitrogen fertilizers and increasing their utilizationrate，and scientifically managing soil nitrogen resources. A 28 year in situ fertilization experiment was used. Four fertilization treatments wereinvestigated: no nitrogenfertilizer(CK)，chemical fertilizer only(CF)，chemical fertilizer plus organicmanure(CFM)and chemical fertilizer plus maize straw(CFS). The effects of long-term combined useof chemical nitrogen，organicmanure，and straw as major exogenous nitrogen on sustainable productioncapacity，nitrogen fertilizer useefficiency，fertilizer after -effect，nitrogen changes in soil profile were analyzed. The results showed that long-term combined useof chemicalnitrogen，organic orstraw fertilizer increased cropyield，compared with CKtreatment，the yields of winter wheatunderCF，CFM and CFS treatmentsincreased by280.49%，276.02% and286.73%， the yields were increasedby160.15%，170.86% and178.45%，respectively. Compared withCK，the yield coefficientvariation ofCF，CFM and CFS treatment increased in wheat and maizeseasons，and the increase of wheat season was larger. The yield sustainability index of CFS treatment in wheat season wasthe highest(66.32%)，while the yield sustainability index of CFM and CFS treatment in maize season was basically thesame，higher than that of CF treatment. Compared with CFtreatment，the average nitrogen absorption of CFM and CFS was increased by 2.11% and4.29%，respectively. The accumulated nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency ofCF，CFM and CFS treatments were61.12%，62.91% and64.78%， respectively. The average after-effects ofCF，CFM and CFS treatments were0.72%，0.90% and0.60%，respectively， application of chemical fertilizer plus organic manure alone had the highest after-effect. Compared toCF，CFM treatment increased total nitrogen content in 0-40 cmsoil layer by22.08%-35.94%，soil available N content in 0-40 cm soil layer by12.05%-38.17%. Inconclusion，the input of exogenous nitrogen maintained the best sustainable production capacity and the annual nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in the wheat-maize rotation system. Straw and organic fertilizer application together enhanced the soil total nitrogen.