Phosphorus form affects soil productivity，and fertilization can change phosphorus form. Based on 808 sets of data from 30 literatures on the effect of fertilizer application on phosphorus in China’s farmland，Meta-analysis was used to investigate the effect of fertilizer application on the form and availability of phosphorus in China’s farmland soils and the factors influencing it，and to choose a reasonable way of fertilizer application to improve the utilization rate of phosphorus. The results showed that overall fertilizer application increased the content of all forms of phosphorus [effect size (E)≥0.14] and significantly enhanced the available phosphorus content (E=1.44，95% confidence interval: 1.13-1.74). Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer (E=2.27，95% confidence interval: 1.70-2.85) significantly enhanced available phosphorus content more than fertilization methods such as single application of phosphorus fertilizer and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. The higher the phosphorus application rate (≥300 kg/hm²) and the longer the fertilizer application period (≥20 years)，the greater the increase in available phosphorus was. The available phosphorus effect size was higher in the primary soil (E=2.01) compared to the other soil types covered by the data，soil pH 6-8 (E=1.63)，initial organic matter content of ≥30 g/kg (E=2.00)，available phosphorus effect enhancement was better than other soil conditions. High temperature and high humidity (temperature ≥10℃，precipitation ≥800 mm) environment was more conducive to improving phosphorus utilization. The above results provided scientific guidance for the rational development of farmland phosphorus management programs and improving the utilization rate of soil phosphorus.