The effects of different fertilization methods on soil physical and chemical properties，the growth and fertilizer use efficiency of silage maize in red soil farmland of Yunnan province，and the best fertilization method were explored，so as to provide a basis for scientific fertilization of silage maize. A field experiment of silage maize was carried out in Zhaotong，Yunnan province. Four fertilization treatments were set up:no fertilizer(CK)，compound fertilizer(T1，traditional fertilization method)，formula fertilizer(T2)and controlled release fertilizer(T3)，The effects of soil nutrient changes and plant nutrient utilization on agronomic traits，crop yield and nutritional quality of silage maize under different fertilization treatments were studied to provide a basis for exploring high-quality and high-yield silage maize planting fertilization methods. Results showed that:(1)Under the condition of equal pure nutrient component，the application of formula fertilizer and controlled release fertilizer had a certain effect on the improvement of soil properties. Compared with T1 treatment，the contents of soil available nitrogen，available potassium and organic matter in T2 treatment were increased significantly by 15.83%，10.47% and 1.95%，respectively. Soil available phosphorus content and pH in T3 were increased significantly by 9.51% and 1.38%，respectively.(2)T3 treatment had the highest dry matter yield and fresh matter yield，which were 38.06 and 126.53 t/hm²，which were significantly higher than T1 treatment by 7.30% and 16.49%，and higher than T2 treatment by 1.09% and 3.71%，respectively.(3)Compared with T1 treatment，the accumulation of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium in the aboveground part of silage maize at maturity stage were significantly increased by 27.67%，8.29% and 13.82%，respectively. Compared with other treatments，T3 treatment significantly increased fertilizer partial productivity and fertilizer agronomic efficiency，which were 27.65% and 138.43% higher than those of T1 treatment，respectively，and the fertilizer contribution rate of T3 treatment was the highest，which was 23.23% higher than that of T1 treatment. The contribution rate of soil fertility was T1 > T2 > T3.(4)The highest crude protein and crude fat content by T2 treatment ，which were significantly increased by 16.56% and 4.28%，respectively，while the lowest crude ash and neutral and acid detergent fiber content，which were significantly reduced by 14.68%，12.08% and 1.34%，respectively，compared with T1 treatment. Therefore，the relative feeding value and coarse feed grading index of T2 treatment reached the maximum，which were 388.21 and 290.47 MJ/d，respectively，followed by the application of controlled release fertilizer. Redundancy analysis showed that soil available nitrogen was the dominant factor affecting the feeding quality of silage maize. In summary，compared with conventional fertilization，the application of formula fertilizer significantly improved the nutrient quality of silage maize by significantly improving the soil fertility and promoting fertilizer use efficiency. The application of controlled release fertilizer provided the satisfied nitrogen supply of silage maize in the whole growth period，the loss of nitrogen could be avoided，and high yield of silage maize and efficient utilization of fertilizer could be achieved.