With the increase in the yield of spent mushroom substrate(SMS)，the treatment methods of the SMS would also tend to be diversified. The SMS contained rich organic matter and nutrient elements. However，the traditional disposal methods not only wasted the SMS resources，but also caused pollution to the environment. In recent years，research on the resource utilization way of SMS had gradually emerged. By briefly describing the research on the remediation of polluted soil and the improvement of degraded soil by SMS，suggestioned for future research on the remediation and improvement of soils by SMS were put forward，to provide a reference for the application of SMS in environmental management and agricultural field，and provide a theoretical basis for its efficient utilization.