In order to further understand the effects of mulching measures on soil microbial environment and water utilization in apple orchards，a mulching experiment was conducted using a 6-year-old ‘ Changfu No.2’ apple orchard as the experimental material. Three treatments of plastic film mulching，stalk mulching and fabric mulching were set up to determine the effects of mulching measures on soil water content，ground temperature，soil microbial quantity and functional diversity，soil organic carbon content，and tree and soil stable isotope content (δD，δ13C). The results showed that，compared with the control treatment，the water content of shallow soil was increased by 13.67%，but the water use efficiency was decreased. With the decrease of water content，the utilization rate of deep soil water by roots was higher. Straw mulching significantly increased the total amount of soil bacteria，fungi，actinomyces，microorganisms and Shannon index to 140.58%，536.36%，120.36%，140.40% and 123.08% of those of the control treatment，respectively. Soil total organic carbon content was increased significantly after straw mulching to 114.41% of that of control treatment. Soil organic carbon content under plastic mulching treatment was significantly lower than that under stalk mulching treatment，and was decreased to 96.89% of that under bare soil control. It suggested that，compared with plastic film and fabric mulching，stalk mulching could improve the tree growth and soil environment，optimize the rational utilization of water in different soil layers，and improve the effective utilization efficiency of surface rainfall.