The effects of different organic and inorganic application ratios on cotton yield，nutrient absorption and utilization and soil fertility in Xinjiang were studied，and the appropriate organic and inorganic application ratios was explored in order to provide theoretical reference for the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer in cotton fields in Xinjiang. The experiment was carried out in Changji city，Xinjiang province in 2018 and 2019. Six fertilization treatments were conducted，including no nitrogen application，single fertilizer application，low amount of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer，middle amount of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer，high amount of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer，double organic fertilizer and fertilizer application. After two years of fertilization，samples were collected in 2019 to analyze the effects of different organic and inorganic application treatments on cotton yield，nutrient absorption，utilization rate and soil fertility in cotton fields. The results showed that low amount of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer treatment increased cotton yield and nutrient absorption. The combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer improved the physical and chemical properties of cotton soil compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer. Reasonable organic and inorganic application could improve cotton yield，nutrient absorption，utilization rate，soil fertility and reduce environmental pollution. Reasonable organic and inorganic combined application is a fertilization technology conducive to sustainable utilization of farmland in Xinjiang.