The aims of this study were to solve the problems of sandy fluvo-aquic soil leakage and large nitrogen fertilizer input，optimize the one-time fertilization technique and explore its mechanism characteristics to achieve stable yield or increased yield and efficient nitrogen use of direct seeding rice along the typical ancient region of Yellow River in northern Jiangsu province. In this study，the japonica rice cultivar “Suxiu 867” was used as the experimental material，and the field and pot experiments were carried out for two years and one year，respectively. Five fertilization treatments were set up in the experiment:farmers’ customary fertilization(CK，N 300 kg/hm²)，controlled release blend fertilizer gradient reduction one-time base application of N1，N2，N3 and N4(N 300，270，240，210 kg/hm²)，and their effects on rice yield formation，nitrogen accumulation and utilization，rice quality characteristics，soil nitrogen surplus and inorganic nitrogen content changes in soil-crop system were studied. The results showed that the yield increase of N1 and N2 treatments was 3.75%-10.14%，compared with CK，under field conditions，and 22.88%-27.59% under potted conditions. The reason for the yield increase was that the number of grains per panicle and total spikelet number increased significantly，and N2 treatment had the better effect. The yield of N3 and N4 treatments in both field and pot experiments was similar or slightly decreased with that of CK，but the difference was not significant. Compared with CK，the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in N1(same nitrogen application amount)and N2(10% nitrogen reduction)treatments increased by 4.32%-25.08% and 5.65%-32.26%，respectively. Combined with the nitrogen supply characteristics in the whole growth stage of rice，the nitrogen supply of these two treatments was better matched to rice growth. In terms of fertilizer use efficiency，compared with CK，the nitrogen agronomy efficiency，nitrogen partial factor productivity and apparent nitrogen utilization rate of controlled release mixed fertilizer treatment in field were increased by 6.86%-48.17%，5.08%-38.91% and 8.53%-50.81%，respectively，and the soil nitrogen surplus was reduced by 16.89%-51.14%. The trend of each index under potted conditions was basically the same as that under field conditions. In addition，the controlled release blend fertilizer treatment also improved the edible quality of rice，compared with CK，which showed that the grain protein content decreased and amylose content increased. In conclusion，the comprehensive effect of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application by 10% and applying controlled-release blended fertilizer at a single base was the best in the sandy soil region along the ancient Yellow River region.