In view of the problems of poor soil quality caused by unreasonable land use in Taihang Mountains in China，typical land-use patterns were selected to analyze the variation characteristics of several soil quality indicators，e.g.，soil carbon pool，aggregate structures and microbial community characteristics，in order to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of soil quality and sustainable development in Taihang mountain area. Four land-use patterns(i.e.，abandoned land，farmland，non-wood forests and shelterbelt)were selected as the research objects in the study. By using the modified Walkley-Black method，dry-sieving method，PLFAs analysis and microplate fluorometric assay，the differences in soil organic carbon(SOC)and its pools，aggregate stability，microbial community and exo-enzyme activities under different land-use patterns were analyzed. Results showed that:(1)Compared with abandoned land，the other three land-use patterns(especially shelterbelt)were conducive to the formation of larger(2-8 mm)aggregates，thereby increasing the values of mean weight diameter(the increase was 8.4%-18.8%)；(2)There were significant differences in SOC and its carbon pool fractions under different land-use patterns，with SOC and active carbon pool(high，low and moderate active carbon pool)contents showing a trend of shelterbelt > non-wood forests and farmland > abandoned land，while there was no significant difference in stable carbon pool among treatments；meanwhile， SOC lability in shelterbelt was significantly higher than other land-use patterns，with an increase of 11.7%-27.5%；(3)Land-use patterns had significant impact on microbial quantity and community structure，with the highest microbial biomass in shelterbelt(65.2 nmol/g)，followed by non-wood forests(46.8 nmol/g)and farmland(46.3 nmol/g)，and the lowest in abandoned land(34.0 nmol/g)，while the fungal/bacterial ratios showed the opposite trend(abandoned land > non-wood forests and farmland > shelterbelt). Redundancy analysis revealed that SOC and SOC/TN ratio were the main environmental factors affecting microbial community structure；(4)The activities of hydrolytic enzymes(e.g.，β-Glucosidase and N-Acetyl-glucosaminidase)in shelterbelt were the highest，followed by non-wood forests and farmland，and the lowest in abandoned land. The activities of oxidative enzymes(i.e.，phenol oxidase and peroxidase)showed the opposite trend(abandoned land，non-wood forests and farmland > shelterbelt). In conclusion，compared with abandoned land and farmland，forestry land-use patterns could improve soil structure，promote SOC accumulation and lability，and enrich the number of microorganisms，indicating that they had great potential in improving soil quality in Taihang mountain area.