In order to further understand the effects of different varieties of phosphorus fertilizer on phosphorus absorption of winter wheat at seedling stage，and to provide the basis for optimal fertilization，the effects of application of superphosphate(SSP)，monoammonium phosphate(MAP)，diammonium phosphate(DAP)，calcium magnesium phosphate(CMP)and ammonium polyphosphate(APP)on phosphorus uptake and above-ground phosphorus composition in winter wheat seedlings were studied by soil culture.The results showed that no matter which type of phosphorus fertilizer was applied，it could significantly increase the aboveground biomass of winter wheat.Among them，SSP treatment had the highest aboveground biomass of winter wheat，which increased by 70.66%，compared to non-phosphorus treatment.Applying phosphorus fertilizer increased the phosphorus concentration in the shoot and root of winter wheat，and the phosphorus concentration in the shoot and root of winter wheat under different phosphorus fertilizer treatments showed as APP>SSP>MAP>DAP>CMP.Among them，APP treatment had the highest phosphorus concentration in the shoot and root of winter wheat，which was significantly higher than DAP treatment and CMP treatment.Applying phosphorus could increase the absorption of phosphorus by winter wheat.The absorption of phosphorus by winter wheat under different phosphorus fertilizer treatments was ranked as SSP>APP>MAP>DAP>CMP.Among them，the absorption of phosphorus by winter wheat under SSP，APP and MAP treatments was significantly higher than that under DAP and CMP treatments.The apparent utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in wheat under five fertilization treatments was shown as SSP>APP>MAP>DAP>CMP.As the total phosphorus content in the aboveground part of wheat increased，the phosphate sugar and nucleic acid phosphorus increased linearly.After the total phosphorus content reached about 6 g·kg.1，phosphate sugar and nucleic acid phosphorus gradually stabilized，and insoluble phosphorus complexes began to increase linearly with the increase of total phosphorus content.To sum up，applying phosphorus fertilizer could increase phosphorus uptake by winter wheat seedlings.Winter wheat applied with superphosphate，monoammonium phosphate，and ammonium polyphosphate had higher biomass and phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency，and these three phosphorus fertilizers were suitable for winter wheat at seedling stage.