This study explored the impact of varying types and doses of biomass ash combined with bio-organic fertilizer on melon growth during the current season. It aimed to determine the optimal conditions for applying biomass ash to foster melon growth and investigate the changes in both plant development and soil properties across two consecutive seasons，which could provide theoretical reference for the resourceful utilization of biomass ash. On the basis of applying bio-organic fertilizer，two types of biomass ash(bottom ash and fly ash)were set up with four dosage levels(0.5%，1.0%，2.0%，and 3.0% of dry soil weight)，and no biomass ash was applied as the control(CK)，a total of nine treatments were conducted in pot experiments. The biomass ash conducive to melon growth was screened out and their effects on both melon plant growth and soil properties were examined during two seasons. The findings demonstrated that:(1)In comparison to solely using bio-organic fertilizer，the combined application of bottom ash led to varying degrees of enhancement in plant height，fresh and dry weight of melon plants，stem diameter and area of the largest leaf，but soil bulk density and alkaline nitrogen content decreased，while the soil total porosity，available phosphorus，available potassium，organic matter，and alkaline phosphatase activity increased. Conversely，the application of fly ash displayed inconspicuous promotive effects due to heightened soil EC during the current season，even causing adverse effects such as impeding melon stem growth.(2)Varied amounts of bottom ash continued to stimulate melon plant growth and enhance soil properties in the subsequent season，albeit demonstrating an overall attenuation compared to the current season.(3)Correlation analysis indicated a close relationship between the enhancement of melon plant growth via bottom ash treatment and the concurrent increase in soil available potassium，organic matter content，and soil enzyme activity.(4)The introduction of bottom ash resulted in heightened accumulation of heavy metals like cadmium and lead in the soil，but did not cause soil pollution. Evaluation outcomes indicated a safe level of heavy metal pollution. In summary，the combined application of biomass bottom ash and bio-organic fertilizer facilitated melon plant growth and improved soil properties，providing a theoretical basis for the judicious utilization of biomass ash and the enhancement of facility soil.