Phosphorus is one of the essential elements for plant growth，but the response of crops to phosphorus varies according to varieties. In order to investigate the response of different Chinese cabbage varieties to phosphorus，and select and breed suitable low phosphorus superior varieties，a two-factor test of cabbage varieties and phosphorus levels was conducted，including ten cabbage varieties and two phosphorus levels of 20 and 200 mg/kg. The aboveground and root traits of cabbage，as well as root soil pH，acid phosphatase activity changes were determined，in order to explore the impact of phosphorus supply levels on the growth of different varieties of cabbage. The results showed:(1)The aboveground and belowground traits of Chinese cabbage plants were greatly affected by soil phosphorus levels and varieties. Overall，low phosphorus treatment reduced the aboveground dry weight and root phosphorus concentration of Chinese cabbage by 12.00%-25.17% and 19.12%-31.56%，respectively；(2)There was a strong correlation between aboveground and belowground traits of Chinese cabbage under high and low phosphorus treatments. Under the high phosphorus treatment，47 groups of cabbage aboveground and belowground traits were significantly correlated，while under low phosphorus treatment，33 groups of cabbage aboveground and belowground traits were significantly correlated；(3)Low phosphorus treatment significantly enhanced the acid phosphatase activity in rhizosphere soil of some varieties of cabbage，with an increase of 7.46%-36.72%；(4)In low phosphorus conditions，stacked embracing ovoid E cabbage maintained better aboveground phosphorus concentration and root phosphorus concentration than other varieties，so that its aboveground phosphorus content and aboveground dry weight increased by 14.85% and 26.03%，respectively，while low phosphorus treatment reduced soil pH of the stacked ovoid E cabbage，enhanced acid phosphatase activity to increase the effectiveness of phosphorus in the soil；Embracing flat-topped type I variety of cabbage could adjust the change of the development of root traits according to the phosphorus level；Both the stacked embracing ovoid E and embracing flat-topped type I were varieties of cabbage which were more suitable for growing under low phosphorus conditions.