Microbial fertilizer，a new type of green fertilizer containing specific beneficial microorganisms，which has great advantages and potential in crop growth and development，yield and quality，as well as improving soil environment and reducing continuous cropping obstacles.It is a breakthrough point for the high-quality development of China’s fertilizer industry，and has great significance for sustainable agricultural development and ecological environmental protection.This paper summarized the development history of microbial fertilizer in China from the production，application，functional microbial species and usage characteristics of microbial fertilizer，and the classification and characteristics of microbial fertilizer，meanwhile the production enterprises of microbial fertilizer and their distribution characteristics were counted，and the role of microbial fertilizer in the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials was analyzed.Finally，the challenges and countermeasures of microbial fertilizer in the cultivation of Chinese medicinal herb cultivation were discussed.